Truck Statutes

• Code of Federal Regulations
  • Title 49 Transportation
    • Subtitle B Other Regulations Relating to Transportation
      • Chapter III Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Department of Transportation
        • Subchapter B Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations
          • 383.1 Purpose and scope.
          • 383.3 Applicability.
          • 383.5 Definitions.
          • 383.7 Validity of CDL issued by decertified State.
          • 383.21 Number of drivers' licenses.
          • 383.23 Commercial driver's license.
          • 383.25 Commercial learner's permit (CLP).
          • 383.31 Notification of convictions for driver violations.
          • 383.33 Notification of driver's license suspensions.
          • 383.35 Notification of previous employment.
          • 383.37 Employer responsibilities.
          • 383.51 Disqualification of drivers.
          • 383.52 Disqualification of drivers determined to constitute an imminent hazard.
          • 383.53 Penalties.
          • 383.71 Driver application and certification procedures.
          • 383.72 Implied consent to alcohol testing.
          • 383.73 State procedures.
          • 383.75 Third party testing.
          • 383.77 Substitute for driving skills tests for drivers with military CMV experience.
          • 383.79 Skills testing of out-of
          • 383.91 Commercial motor vehicle groups.
          • 383.93 Endorsements.
          • 383.95 Restrictions.
          • 383.110 General requirement.
          • 383.111 Required knowledge.
          • 383.113 Required skills
          • 383.115 Requirements for double/triple trailers endorsement.
          • 383.117 Requirements for passenger endorsement.
          • 383.119 Requirements for tank vehicle endorsement.
          • 383.121 Requirements for hazardous materials endorsement.
          • 383.123 Requirements for a school bus endorsement.
          • 383.131 Test manuals.
          • 383.133 Test methods.
          • 383.135 Passing knowledge and skills tests.
          • 383.141 General.
          • 383.151 General.
          • 383.153 Information on the CLP and CDL documents and applications.
          • 383.155 Tamperproofing requirements.
          • 384.101 Purpose and scope.
          • 384.103 Applicability.
          • 384.105 Definitions.
          • 384.107 Matter incorporated by reference.
          • 384.201 Testing program.
          • 384.202 Test standards.
          • 384.203 Driving while under the influence.
          • 384.204 CLP or CDL issuance and information.
          • 384.205 CDLIS information.
          • 384.206 State record checks.
          • 384.207 Notification of licensing.
          • 384.208 Notification of disqualification.
          • 384.209 Notification of traffic violations.
          • 384.210 Limitation on licensing.
          • 384.211 Surrender of old licenses.
          • 384.212 Domicile requirement.
          • 384.213 State penalties for drivers of CMVs.
          • 384.214 Reciprocity.
          • 384.215 First offenses.
          • 384.216 Second offenses.
          • 384.217 Drug offenses.
          • 384.218 Second serious traffic violation.
          • 384.219 Third serious traffic violation.
          • 384.220 Problem Driver Pointer System information.
          • 384.221 Out-of-service regulations (intoxicating beverage).
          • 384.222 Violation of out-of-service orders.
          • 384.223 Railroad-highway grade crossing violation.
          • 384.224 Noncommercial motor vehicle violations.
          • 384.225 CDLIS driver recordkeeping.
          • 384.226 Prohibition on masking convictions.
          • 384.227 Record of digital image or photograph.
          • 384.228 Examiner training and record checks.
          • 384.229 Skills test examiner auditing and monitoring.
          • 384.230 [Reserved]
          • 384.231 Satisfaction of State disqualification requirement.
          • 384.232 Required timing of record checks.
          • 384.233 Background records checks.
          • 384.234 Driver medical certification recordkeeping.
          • 384.301 Substantial compliance-general requirements.
          • 384.305 State certifications for Federal fiscal years after FY 1994.
          • 384.307 FMCSA program reviews of State compliance.
          • 384.309 Results of compliance determination.
          • 384.401 Withholding of funds based on noncompliance.
          • 384.403 Availability of funds withheld for noncompliance.
          • 384.405 Decertification of State CDL program.
          • 384.407 Emergency CDL grants.
          • 385.1 Purpose and scope.
          • 385.3 Definitions and acronyms.
          • 385.4 Matter incorporated by reference.
          • 385.5 Safety fitness standard.
          • 385.7 Factors to be considered in determining a safety rating.
          • 385.9 Determination of a safety rating.
          • 385.11 Notification of safety rating and safety fitness determination.
          • 385.13 Unsatisfactory rated motor carriers; prohibition on transportation; ineligibility for Federal contracts.
          • 385.14 Motor carriers, brokers, and freight forwarders delinquent in paying civil penalties: prohibition on transportation.
          • 385.15 Administrative review.
          • 385.17 Change to safety rating based upon corrective actions.
          • 385.19 Safety fitness information.
          • 385.101 Definitions.
          • 385.103 Safety monitoring system.
          • 385.105 Expedited action.
          • 385.107 The safety audit.
          • 385.109 The compliance review.
          • 385.111 Suspension and revocation of Mexico-domiciled carrier registration.
          • 385.113 Administrative review.
          • 385.115 Reapplying for provisional registration.
          • 385.117 Duration of safety monitoring system.
          • 385.119 Applicability of safety fitness and enforcement procedures.
          • 385.201 Who is qualified to perform a review of a motor carrier or an intermodal equipment provider?
          • 385.203 What are the requirements to obtain and maintain certification?
          • 385.205 How can a person who has lost his or her certification be re-certified?
          • 385.301 What is a motor carrier required to do before beginning interstate operations?
          • 385.303 How does a motor carrier register with the FMCSA?
          • 385.305 What happens after the FMCSA receives a request for new entrant registration?
          • 385.306 What are the consequences of furnishing misleading information or making a false statement in connection with the registration process?
          • 385.307 What happens after a motor carrier begins operations as a new entrant?
          • 385.308 What may cause an expedited action?
          • 385.309 What is the purpose of the safety audit?
          • 385.311 What will the safety audit consist of?
          • 385.313 Who will conduct the safety audit?
          • 385.315 Where will the safety audit be conducted?
          • 385.317 Will a safety audit result in a safety fitness determination by the FMCSA?
          • 385.319 What happens after completion of the safety audit?
          • 385.321 What failures of safety management practices disclosed by the safety audit will result in a notice to a new entrant that its USDOT new entrant registration will be revoked?
          • 385.323 May FMCSA extend the period under
          • 385.325 What happens after a new entrant has been notified under
          • 385.327 May a new entrant request an administrative review of a determination of a failed safety audit?
          • 385.329 May a new entrant that has had its USDOT new entrant registration revoked and its operations placed out of service reapply?
          • 385.331 What happens if a new entrant operates a CMV after having been issued an order placing its interstate operations out of service?
          • 385.333 What happens at the end of the 18-month safety monitoring period?
          • 385.335 If the FMCSA conducts a compliance review on a new entrant, will the new entrant also be subject to a safety audit?
          • 385.337 What happens if a new entrant refuses to permit a safety audit to be performed on its operations?
          • 385.401 What is the purpose and scope of this subpart?
          • 385.402 What definitions are used in this subpart?
          • 385.403 Who must hold a safety permit?
          • 385.405 How does a motor carrier apply for a safety permit?
          • 385.407 What conditions must a motor carrier satisfy for FMCSA to issue a safety permit?
          • 385.409 When may a temporary safety permit be issued to a motor carrier?
          • 385.411 Must a motor carrier obtain a safety permit if it has a State permit?
          • 385.413 What happens if a motor carrier receives a proposed safety rating that is less than Satisfactory?
          • 385.415 What operational requirements apply to the transportation of a hazardous material for which a permit is required?
          • 385.417 Is a motor carrier's safety permit number available to others?
          • 385.419 How long is a safety permit effective?
          • 385.421 Under what circumstances will a safety permit be subject to revocation or suspension by FMCSA?
          • 385.423 Does a motor carrier have a right to an administrative review of a denial, suspension, or revocation of a safety permit?
          • 385.501 Roadability review
          • 385.503 Results of roadability review.
          • 385.601 Scope of rules.
          • 385.603 Application.
          • 385.605 New entrant registration driver's license and drug and alcohol testing requirements.
          • 385.607 FMCSA action on the application.
          • 385.609 Requirement to notify FMCSA of change in applicant information.
          • 385.701 Definitions.
          • 385.703 Safety monitoring system.
          • 385.705 Expedited action.
          • 385.707 The compliance review.
          • 385.709 Suspension and revocation of non-North America-domiciled carrier registration.
          • 385.711 Administrative review.
          • 385.713 Reapplying for new entrant registration.
          • 385.715 Duration of safety monitoring system.
          • 385.717 Applicability of safety fitness and enforcement procedures.
          • 385.801 Purpose and scope.
          • 385.803 Definitions and acronyms.
          • 385.805 Events triggering issuance of remedial directive and proposed determination of unfitness.
          • 385.807 Notice and issuance of remedial directive.
          • 385.811 Proof of compliance with remedial directive.
          • 385.813 Issuance and conditional rescission of proposed unfitness determination.
          • 385.815 Exemption for AOBRD users.
          • 385.817 Administrative review.
          • 385.819 Effect of failure to comply with remedial directive.
          • 386.1 Scope of the rules in this part.
          • 386.2 Definitions.
          • 386.3 Separation of functions.
          • 386.4 Appearances and rights of parties.
          • 386.5 Form of filings and extensions of time.
          • 386.6 Service.
          • 386.7 Filing of documents.
          • 386.8 Computation of time.
          • 386.11 Commencement of proceedings.
          • 386.12 Complaint.
          • 386.13 Petitions to review and request for hearing: Driver qualification proceedings.
          • 386.14 Reply.
          • 386.16 Action on replies to the Notice of Claim.
          • 386.17 Intervention.
          • 386.18 Payment of the claim.
          • 386.22 Settlement agreements and their contents.
          • 386.31 Official notice.
          • 386.34 Motions.
          • 386.35 Motions to dismiss and Motions for a more definite statement.
          • 386.36 Motions for final agency order.
          • 386.37 Discovery.
          • 386.38 Scope of discovery.
          • 386.39 Protective orders.
          • 386.40 Supplementation of responses.
          • 386.41 Stipulations regarding discovery.
          • 386.42 Written interrogatories to parties.
          • 386.43 Production of documents and other evidence; entry upon land for inspection and other purposes; and physical and mental examination.
          • 386.44 Request for admissions.
          • 386.45 Motion to compel discovery.
          • 386.46 Depositions.
          • 386.47 Use of deposition at hearings.
          • 386.48 Medical records and physicians' reports.
          • 386.49 Form of written evidence.
          • 386.51 Amendment and withdrawal of pleadings.
          • 386.52 Appeals from interlocutory rulings.
          • 386.53 Subpoenas, witness fees.
          • 386.54 Administrative Law Judge.
          • 386.55 Prehearing conferences.
          • 386.56 Hearings.
          • 386.57 Proposed findings of fact, conclusions of law.
          • 386.58 Burden of proof.
          • 386.61 Decision.
          • 386.62 Review of administrative law judge's decision.
          • 386.63 Decision on review.
          • 386.64 Reconsideration.
          • 386.65 Failure to comply with final order.
          • 386.66 Motions for rehearing or for modification.
          • 386.67 Judicial review.
          • 386.71 Injunctions.
          • 386.72 Imminent hazard.
          • 386.81 General.
          • 386.82 Civil penalties for violations of notices and orders.
          • 386.83 Sanction for failure to pay civil penalties or abide by payment plan; operation in interstate commerce prohibited.
          • 386.84 Sanction for failure to pay civil penalties or abide by payment plan; suspension or revocation of registration.
          • 387.1 Purpose and scope.
          • 387.3 Applicability.
          • 387.5 Definitions.
          • 387.7 Financial responsibility required.
          • 387.9 Financial responsibility, minimum levels.
          • 387.11 State authority and designation of agent.
          • 387.13 Fiduciaries.
          • 387.15 Forms.
          • 387.17 Violation and penalty.
          • 387.25 Purpose and scope.
          • 387.27 Applicability.
          • 387.29 Definitions.
          • 387.31 Financial responsibility required.
          • 387.33 Financial responsibility, minimum levels.
          • 387.35 State authority and designation of agent.
          • 387.37 Fiduciaries.
          • 387.39 Forms.
          • 387.41 Violation and penalty.
          • 387.301 Surety bond, certificate of insurance, or other securities.
          • 387.303 Security for the protection of the public: Minimum limits.
          • 387.305 Combination vehicles.
          • 387.307 Property broker surety bond or trust fund.
          • 387.309 Qualifications as a self-insurer and other securities or agreements.
          • 387.311 Bonds and certificates of insurance.
          • 387.313 Forms and procedures.
          • 387.315 Insurance and surety companies.
          • 387.317 Refusal to accept, or revocation by the FMCSA of surety bonds, etc.
          • 387.319 Fiduciaries.
          • 387.321 Operations in foreign commerce.
          • 387.323 Electronic filing of surety bonds, trust fund agreements, certificates of insurance and cancellations.
          • 387.401 Definitions.
          • 387.403 General requirements.
          • 387.405 Limits of liability.
          • 387.407 Surety bonds and certificates of insurance.
          • 387.409 Insurance and surety companies.
          • 387.411 Qualifications as a self-insurer and other securities or agreements.
          • 387.413 Forms and procedure.
          • 387.415 Acceptance and revocation by the FMCSA.
          • 387.417 Fiduciaries.
          • 387.419 Electronic filing of surety bonds, certificates of insurance and cancellations.
          • 388.1 Eligibility.
          • 388.2 Extent of acceptance.
          • 388.3 Cancellation.
          • 388.4 Exchange of information.
          • 388.5 Requests for assistance.
          • 388.6 Joint investigation, inspection, or examination.
          • 388.7 Joint administrative activities related to enforcement of safety and hazardous materials laws and regulations.
          • 388.8 Supplemental agreements.
          • 389.1 Applicability.
          • 389.3 Definitions.
          • 389.5 Regulatory docket.
          • 389.7 Records.
          • 389.11 General.
          • 389.13 Initiation of rule making.
          • 389.15 Contents of notices of proposed rule making.
          • 389.17 Participation by interested persons.
          • 389.19 Petitions for extension of time to comment.
          • 389.21 Contents of written comments.
          • 389.23 Consideration of comments received.
          • 389.25 Additional rule making proceedings.
          • 389.27 Hearings.
          • 389.29 Adoption of final rules.
          • 389.31 Petitions for rule making.
          • 389.33 Processing of petition.
          • 389.35 Petitions for reconsideration.
          • 389.37 Proceedings on petitions for reconsideration.
          • 389.39 Direct final rulemaking procedures
          • 390.1 Purpose.
          • 390.3 General applicability.
          • 390.5 Definitions.
          • 390.7 Rules of construction.
          • 390.9 State and local laws, effect on.
          • 390.11 Motor carrier to require observance of driver regulations.
          • 390.13 Aiding or abetting violations.
          • 390.15 Assistance in investigations and special studies.
          • 390.17 Additional equipment and accessories.
          • 390.19 Motor carrier, hazardous material shipper, and intermodal equipment provider identification reports.
          • 390.21 Marking of self-propelled CMVs and intermodal equipment.
          • 390.23 Relief from regulations.
          • 390.25 Extension of relief from regulations--emergencies.
          • 390.27 Locations of motor carrier safety service centers.
          • 390.29 Location of records or documents.
          • 390.31 Copies of records or documents.
          • 390.33 Commercial motor vehicles used for purposes other than defined.
          • 390.35 Certificates, reports, and records: falsification, reproduction, or alteration.
          • 390.37 Violation and penalty.
          • 390.40 What responsibilities do intermodal equipment providers have under the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (49 CFR parts 350-399)?
          • 390.42 What are the responsibilities of drivers and motor carriers operating intermodal equipment?
          • 390.44 What are the procedures to correct the safety record of a motor carrier or an intermodal equipment provider?
          • 390.46 Are State and local laws and regulations on the inspection, repair, and maintenance of intermodal equipment preempted by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations?
          • 391.1 Scope of the rules in this part; additional qualifications; duties of carrier-drivers.
          • 391.2 General exceptions.
          • 391.11 General qualifications of drivers.
          • 391.13 Responsibilities of drivers.
          • 391.15 Disqualification of drivers.
          • 391.21 Application for employment.
          • 391.23 Investigation and inquiries.
          • 391.25 Annual inquiry and review of driving record.
          • 391.27 Record of violations.
          • 391.31 Road test.
          • 391.33 Equivalent of road test.
          • 391.41 Physical qualifications for drivers.
          • 391.43 Medical examination; certificate of physical examination.
          • 391.45 Persons who must be medically examined and certified.
          • 391.47 Resolution of conflicts of medical evaluation.
          • 391.49 Alternative physical qualification standards for the loss or impairment of limbs.
          • 391.51 General requirements for driver qualification files.
          • 391.53 Driver Investigation History File.
          • 391.55 LCV Driver-Instructor qualification files.
          • 391.61 Drivers who were regularly employed before January 1, 1971.
          • 391.62 Limited exemptions for intra-city zone drivers.
          • 391.63 Multiple-employer drivers.
          • 391.64 Grandfathering for certain drivers participating in vision and diabetes waiver study programs.
          • 391.65 Drivers furnished by other motor carriers.
          • 391.67 Farm vehicle drivers of articulated commercial motor vehicles.
          • 391.68 Private motor carrier of passengers (nonbusiness).
          • 391.69 Private motor carrier of passengers (business).
          • 392.1 Scope of the rules in this part.
          • 392.2 Applicable operating rules.
          • 392.3 Ill or fatigued operator.
          • 392.4 Drugs and other substances.
          • 392.5 Alcohol prohibition.
          • 392.6 Schedules to conform with speed limits.
          • 392.7 Equipment, inspection and use.
          • 392.8 Emergency equipment, inspection and use.
          • 392.9 Inspection of cargo, cargo securement devices and systems.
          • 392.9a Operating authority.
          • 392.10 Railroad grade crossings; stopping required.
          • 392.11 Railroad grade crossings; slowing down required.
          • 392.14 Hazardous conditions; extreme caution.
          • 392.16 Use of seat belts.
          • 392.22 Emergency signals: stopped commercial motor vehicles.
          • 392.24 Emergency signals; flame-producing.
          • 392.25 Flame producing devices.
          • 392.33 Obscured lamps or reflective devices/material.
          • 392.50 Ignition of fuel; prevention.
          • 392.51 Reserve fuel; materials of trade.
          • 392.60 Unauthorized persons not to be transported.
          • 392.62 Safe operation, buses.
          • 392.63 Towing or pushing loaded buses.
          • 392.64 Riding within closed commercial motor vehicles without proper exits.
          • 392.66 Carbon monoxide; use of commercial motor vehicle when detected.
          • 392.67 Heater, flame-producing; on commercial motor vehicle in motion.
          • 392.71 Radar detectors; use and/or possession.
          • 392.80 Prohibition against texting.
          • 393.1 Scope of the rules in this part
          • 393.3 Additional equipment and accessories
          • 393.5 Definitions
          • 393.7 Matter incorporated by reference
          • 393.9 Lamps operable, prohibition of obstructions of lamps and reflectors
          • 393.11 Lamps and reflective devices
          • 393.13 Retroreflective sheeting and reflex reflectors, requirements for semitrailers and trailers manufactured before December 1, 1993
          • 393.17 Lamps and reflectors--combinations in driveaway-towaway operation
          • 393.19 Hazard warning signals
          • 393.22 Combination of lighting devices and reflectors
          • 393.23 Power supply for lamps
          • 393.24 Requirements for head lamps, auxiliary driving lamps and front fog lamps
          • 393.25 Requirements for lamps other than head lamps
          • 393.26 Requirements for reflex reflectors
          • 393.28 Wiring systems
          • 393.30 Battery installation
          • 393.40 Required brake systems
          • 393.41 Parking brake system
          • 393.42 Brakes required on all wheels
          • 393.43 Breakaway and emergency braking
          • 393.44 Front brake lines, protection
          • 393.45 Brake tubing and hoses; hose assemblies and end fittings
          • 393.47 Brake actuators, slack adjusters, linings/pads and drums/rotors
          • 393.48 Brakes to be operative
          • 393.49 Control valves for brakes
          • 393.50 Reservoirs required
          • 393.51 Warning signals, air pressure and vacuum gauges
          • 393.52 Brake performance
          • 393.53 Automatic brake adjusters and brake adjustment indicators
          • 393.55 Antilock brake systems
          • 393.60 Glazing in specified openings
          • 393.61 Truck and truck tractor window construction
          • 393.62 Emergency exits for buses
          • 393.65 All fuel systems
          • 393.67 Liquid fuel tanks
          • 393.68 Compressed natural gas fuel containers
          • 393.69 Liquefied petroleum gas systems
          • 393.70 Coupling devices and towing methods, except for driveaway-towaway operations
          • 393.71 Coupling devices and towing methods, driveaway-towaway operations
          • 393.75 Tires
          • 393.76 Sleeper berths
          • 393.77 Heaters
          • 393.78 Windshield wiping and washing systems
          • 393.79 Windshield defrosting and defogging systems
          • 393.80 Rear-vision mirrors
          • 393.81 Horn
          • 393.82 Speedometer
          • 393.83 Exhaust systems
          • 393.84 Floors
          • 393.86 Rear impact guards and rear end protection
          • 393.87 Warning flags on projecting loads
          • 393.88 Television receivers
          • 393.89 Buses, driveshaft protection
          • 393.90 Buses, standee line or bar
          • 393.91 Buses, aisle seats prohibited
          • 393.93 Seats, seat belt assemblies, and seat belt assembly anchorages
          • 393.94 Interior noise levels in power units
          • 393.95 Emergency equipment on all power units
          • 393.100 Which types of commercial motor vehicles are subject to the cargo securement standards of this subpart, and what general requirements apply
          • 393.102 What are the minimum performance criteria for cargo securement devices and systems
          • 393.104 What standards must cargo securement devices and systems meet in order to satisfy the requirements of this subpart?
          • 393.106 What are the general requirements for securing articles of cargo
          • 393.108 How is the working load limit of a tiedown, or the load restraining value of a friction mat, determined
          • 393.110 What else do I have to do to determine the minimum number of tiedowns
          • 393.112 Must a tiedown be adjustable
          • 393.114 What are the requirements for front end structures used as part of a cargo securement system
          • 393.116 What are the rules for securing logs
          • 393.118 What are the rules for securing dressed lumber or similar building products
          • 393.120 What are the rules for securing metal coils
          • 393.122 What are the rules for securing paper rolls
          • 393.124 What are the rules for securing concrete pipe
          • 393.126 What are the rules for securing intermodal containers
          • 393.128 What are the rules for securing automobiles, light trucks and vans
          • 393.130 What are the rules for securing heavy vehicles, equipment and machinery
          • 393.132 What are the rules for securing flattened or crushed vehicles
          • 393.134 What are the rules for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers
          • 393.136 What are the rules for securing large boulders
          • 393.201 Frames
          • 393.203 Cab and body components
          • 393.205 Wheels
          • 393.207 Suspension systems
          • 393.209 Steering wheel systems
          • 395.1 Scope of rules in this part
          • 395.2 Definitions
          • 395.3 Maximum driving time for property-carrying vehicles
          • 395.5 Maximum driving time for passenger-carrying vehicles
          • 395.8 Driver's record of duty status
          • 395.11 Supporting documents for drivers using EOBRs
          • 395.13 Drivers declared out of service
          • 395.15 Automatic on-board recording devices
          • 395.16 Electronic on-board recording devices
          • 395.18 Matter incorporated by reference
          • 396.1 Scope
          • 396.3 Inspection, repair, and maintenance
          • 396.5 Lubrication
          • 396.7 Unsafe operations forbidden
          • 396.9 Inspection of motor vehicles in operation
          • 396.11 Driver vehicle inspection report(s)
          • 396.12 Procedures for intermodal equipment providers to accept reports required by
          • 396.13 Driver inspection
          • 396.15 Driveaway-towaway operations and inspections
          • 396.17 Periodic inspection
          • 396.19 Inspector qualifications
          • 396.21 Periodic inspection recordkeeping requirements
          • 396.23 Equivalent to periodic inspection
          • 396.25 Qualifications of brake inspectors
          • 397.1 Application of the rules in this part
          • 397.2 Compliance with Federal motor carrier safety regulations
          • 397.3 State and local laws, ordinances, and regulations
          • 397.5 Attendance and surveillance of motor vehicles
          • 397.7 Parking
          • 397.11 Fires
          • 397.13 Smoking
          • 397.15 Fueling
          • 397.17 Tires
          • 397.19 Instructions and documents
          • 397.61 Purpose and scope
          • 397.63 Applicability
          • 397.65 Definitions
          • 397.67 Motor carrier responsibility for routing
          • 397.69 Highway routing designations; preemption
          • 397.71 Federal standards
          • 397.73 Public information and reporting requirements
          • 397.75 Dispute resolution
          • 397.77 Judicial review of dispute decision
          • 397.101 Requirements for motor carriers and drivers
          • 397.103 Requirements for State routing designations
          • 397.201 Purpose and scope of the procedures
          • 397.203 Standards for determining preemption
          • 397.205 Preemption application
          • 397.207 Preemption notice
          • 397.209 Preemption processing
          • 397.211 Preemption determination
          • 397.213 Waiver of preemption application
          • 397.215 Waiver notice
          • 397.217 Waiver processing
          • 397.219 Waiver determination and order
          • 397.221 Timeliness
          • 397.223 Petition for reconsideration
          • 397.225 Judicial review
          • 399.201 Purpose and scope
          • 399.203 Applicability
          • 399.205 Definitions
          • 399.207 Truck and truck-tractor access requirements
          • 399.209 Test procedures
          • 399.211 Maintenance
      • Chapter V National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Department of Transportation
        • 571.1 Scope
        • 571.3 Definitions
        • 571.4 Explanation of usage
        • 571.5 Matter incorporated by reference
        • 571.7 Applicability
        • 571.8 Effective date
        • 571.9 Separability
        • 571.10 Designation of Seating Positions
        • 571.101 Standard No. 101; Controls and displays
        • 571.102 Standard No. 102; Transmission shift position sequence, starter interlock, and transmission braking effect
        • 571.103 Standard No. 103; Windshield defrosting and defogging systems
        • 571.104 Standard No. 104; Windshield wiping and washing systems
        • 571.105 Standard No. 105; Hydraulic and electric brake systems
        • 571.106 Standard No. 106; Brake hoses
        • 571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment
        • 571.109 Standard No. 109; New pneumatic and certain specialty tires
        • 571.110 Tire selection and rims and motor home/recreation vehicle trailer load carrying capacity information for motor vehicles with a GVWR of 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) or less
        • 571.111 Standard No. 111; Rearview mirrors
        • 571.113 Standard No. 113; Hood latch system
        • 571.114 Standard No. 114; Theft protection and rollaway prevention
        • 571.116 Standard No. 116; Motor vehicle brake fluids
        • 571.117 Standard No. 117; Retreaded pneumatic tires
        • 571.118 Standard No. 118; Power-operated window, partition, and roof panel systems
        • 571.119 Standard No. 119; New pneumatic tires for motor vehicles with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) and motorcycles
        • 571.120 Tire selection and rims and motor home/recreation vehicle trailer load carrying capacity information for motor vehicles with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds)
        • 571.121 Standard No. 121; Air brake systems
        • 571.122 Standard No. 122; Motorcycle brake systems
        • 571.123 Standard No. 123; Motorcycle controls and displays
        • 571.124 Standard No. 124; Accelerator control systems
        • 571.125 Standard No. 125; Warning devices
        • 571.126 Standard No. 126; Electronic stability control systems
        • 571.129 Standard No. 129; New non-pneumatic tires for passenger cars
        • 571.131 Standard No. 131; School bus pedestrian safety devices
        • 571.135 Standard No. 135; Light vehicle brake systems
        • 571.138 Standard No. 138; Tire pressure monitoring systems
        • 571.139 Standard No. 139; New pneumatic radial tires for light vehicles
        • 571.201 Standard No. 201; Occupant protection in interior impact
        • 571.202 Standard No. 202; Head restraints; Applicable at the manufacturers option until September 1, 2009
        • 571.202a Standard No. 202a; Head restraints; Mandatory applicability begins on September 1, 2009
        • 571.203 Standard No. 203; Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system
        • 571.204 Standard No. 204; Steering control rearward displacement
        • 571.205 Standard No. 205, Glazing materials
        • 571.205(a) Glazing equipment manufactured before September 1, 2006 and glazing materials used in vehicles manufactured before November 1, 2006
        • 571.206 Standard No. 206; Door locks and door retention components
        • 571.207 Standard No. 207; Seating systems
        • 571.208 Standard No. 208; Occupant crash protection
        • 571.208a Optional test procedures for vehicles manufactured between January 27, 2004 and August 31, 2004
        • 571.209 Standard No. 209; Seat belt assemblies
        • 571.210 Standard No. 210; Seat belt assembly anchorages
        • 571.212 Standard No. 212; Windshield mounting
        • 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems
        • 571.214 Standard No. 214; Side impact protection
        • 571.216 Standard No. 216; Roof crush resistance; Applicable unless a vehicle is certified to
        • 571.216a Standard No. 216a; Roof crush resistance; Upgraded standard
        • 571.217 Standard No. 217; Bus emergency exits and window retention and release
        • 571.218 Standard No. 218; Motorcycle helmets
        • 571.219 Standard No. 219; Windshield zone intrusion
        • 571.220 Standard No. 220; School bus rollover protection
        • 571.221 Standard No. 221; School bus body joint strength
        • 571.222 Standard No. 222; School bus passenger seating and crash protection
        • 571.223 Standard No. 223; Rear impact guards
        • 571.224 Standard No. 224; Rear impact protection.
        • 571.225 Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems.
        • 571.226 Standard No. 226; Ejection Mitigation
        • 571.301 Standard No. 301; Fuel system integrity
        • 571.302 Standard No. 302; Flammability of interior materials
        • 571.303 Standard No. 303; Fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles
        • 571.305 Standard No. 305; Electric-powered vehicles: electrolyte spillage and electrical shock protection
        • 571.305 Standard No. 305; Electric-powered vehicles: electrolyte spillage and electrical shock protection.
        • 571.401 Standard No. 401; Interior trunk release
        • 571.403 Standard No. 403; Platform lift systems for motor vehicles
        • 571.404 Standard No. 404; Platform lift installations in motor vehicles
        • 571.500 Standard No. 500; Low-speed vehicles
        • 571225 Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems.
        • 571301 Standard No. 301; Fuel system integrity.
        • 571302 Standard No. 302; Flammability of interior materials.
        • 571303 Standard No. 303; Fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles.
        • 571304 Standard No. 304; Compressed natural gas fuel container integrity.
• Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
  • Appendix of Forms
    • Form 1 Caption
    • Form 2 Date, Signature, Address, E-Mail Address, and Telephone Number
    • Form 3 Summons
    • Form 4 Summons on a Third-Party Complaint
    • Form 5 Notice of a Lawsuit and Request to Waive Service of a Summons
    • Form 6 Waiver of the Service of Summons
    • Form 7 Statement of Jurisdiction
    • Form 8 Statement of Reasons for Omitting a Party
    • Form 9 Statement Noting a Party's Death
    • Form 10 Complaint to Recover a Sum Certain
    • Form 11 Complaint for Negligence
    • Form 12 Complaint for Negligence when the Plaintiff Does Not Know Who is Responsible
    • Form 13 Complaint for Negligence Under the Federal Employers' Liability Act
    • Form 14 Complaint for damages under the merchant marine act
    • Form 15 Complaint for the Conversion of Property
    • Form 16 Third-Party Complaint
    • Form 17 Complaint for Specific Performance of a Contract to Convey Land
    • Form 18 Complaint for Patent Infringement
    • Form 19 Complaint for Copyright Infringement and Unfair Competition
    • Form 20 Complaint for Interpleader and Declaratory Relief
    • Form 21 Complaint on a Claim for a Debt and to Set Aside a Fraudulent Conveyance Under Rule 18(b)
    • Form 30 Answer Presenting Defenses Under Rule 12(b)
    • Form 31 Answer to a Complaint for Money Had and Received With a Counterclaim for Interpleader
    • Form 40 Motion to Dismiss Under Rule 12(b) for Lack of Jurisdiction, Improper Venue, Insufficient Service of Process, or Failure to State a Claim
    • Form 41 Motion to Bring in a Third-Party Defendant
    • Form 42 Motion to Intervene as a Defendant Under Rule 24
    • Form 50 Request to Produce Documents and Tangible Things, or to Enter Onto Land Under Rule 34
    • Form 51 Request for Admissions Under Rule 36
    • Form 52 Report of the Parties' Planning Meeting
    • Form 60 Notice of Condemnation
    • Form 61 Complaint for Condemnation
    • Form 70 Judgment on a Jury Verdict
    • Form 71 Judgment by the Court Without a Jury
    • Form 80 Notice of a Magistrate Judge's Availability
    • Form 81 Consent to an Assignment to a Magistrate Judge
    • Form 82 Order of Assignment to a Magistrate Judge
  • Supplemental Rules for Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Actions
    • Rule A Scope of Rules
    • Rule B In Personam Actions: Attachment and Garnishment
    • Rule C In Rem Actions: Special Provisions
    • Rule D Possessory, Petitory, and Partition Actions
    • Rule E Actions in Rem and Quasi in Rem: General Provision
    • Rule F Limitation of Liability
    • Rule G Forfeiture Actions In Rem
  • Title I Scope of Rules; Form of Action
    • Rule 1 Scope and Purpose
    • Rule 2 One Form of Action
  • Title II Commencing an Action
    • Rule 3 Commencing an Action
    • Rule 4 Summons
    • Rule 4.1 Serving Other Process
    • Rule 5 Serving and Filing Pleadings and Other Papers
    • Rule 5.1 Constitutional Challenge to A Statute--Notice, Certification, and Intervention
    • Rule 5.2 Privacy Protection For Filings Made with the Court
    • Rule 6 Computing and Extending Time; Time for Motion Papers
  • Title III Pleadings and Motions
    • Rule 7 Pleadings Allowed; Form of Motions and Other Papers
    • Rule 7.1 Disclosure Statement
    • Rule 8 General Rules of Pleading
    • Rule 9 Pleading Special Matters
    • Rule 10 Form of Pleadings
    • Rule 11 Signing Pleadings, Motions, and Other Papers; Representations to the Court; Sanctions
    • Rule 12 Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
    • Rule 13 Counterclaim and Crossclaim
    • Rule 14 Third-Party Practice
    • Rule 15 Amended and Supplemental Pleadings
    • Rule 16 Pretrial Conferences; Scheduling; Management
  • Title IV Parties
    • Rule 17 Plaintiff and Defendant; Capacity; Public Officers
    • Rule 18 Joinder of Claims
    • Rule 19 Required Joinder of Parties
    • Rule 20 Permissive Joinder of Parties
    • Rule 21 Misjoinder and Nonjoinder of Parties
    • Rule 22 Interpleader
    • Rule 23 Class Actions
    • Rule 23.1 Derivative Actions
    • Rule 23.2 Actions Relating to Unincorporated Associations
    • Rule 24 Intervention
    • Rule 25 Substitution of Parties
  • Title IX Special Proceedings
    • Rule 71.1 Condemning Real or Personal Property
    • Rule 72 Magistrate Judges: Pretrial Order
    • Rule 73 Magistrate Judges: Trial by Consent; Appeal
  • Title V Disclosures and Discovery
    • Rule 26 Duty to Disclose; General Provisions Governing Discovery
    • Rule 27 Depositions to Perpetuate Testimony
    • Rule 28 Persons Before Whom Depositions May Be Taken
    • Rule 29 Stipulations About Discovery Procedure
    • Rule 30 Depositions by Oral Examination
    • Rule 31 Depositions by Written Questions
    • Rule 32 Using Depositions in Court Proceedings
    • Rule 33 Interrogatories to Parties
    • Rule 34 Producing Documents, Electronically Stored Information, and Tangible Things, or Entering onto Land, for Inspection and Other Purposes
    • Rule 35 Physical and Mental Examinations
    • Rule 36 Requests for Admission
    • Rule 37 Failure to Make Disclosures or to Cooperate in Discovery; Sanctions
  • Title VI Trials
    • Rule 38 Right to a Jury Trial; Demand
    • Rule 39 Trial by Jury or by the Court
    • Rule 40 Scheduling Cases for Trial
    • Rule 41 Dismissal of Actions
    • Rule 42 Consolidation; Separate Trials
    • Rule 43 Taking Testimony
    • Rule 44 Proving an Official Record
    • Rule 44.1 Determining Foreign Law
    • Rule 45 Subpoena
    • Rule 46 Objecting to a Ruling or Order
    • Rule 47 Selecting Jurors
    • Rule 48 Number of Jurors; Verdict; Polling
    • Rule 49 Special Verdict; General Verdict and Questions
    • Rule 50 Judgment as a Matter of Law in a Jury Trial; Related Motion for a New Trial; Conditional Ruling
    • Rule 51 Instructions to the Jury; Objections; Preserving a Claim of Error
    • Rule 52 Findings and Conclusions by the Court; Judgment on Partial Findings
    • Rule 53 Masters
  • Title VII Judgment
    • Rule 54 Judgment; Costs
    • Rule 55 Default; Default Judgment
    • Rule 56 Summary Judgment
    • Rule 57 Declaratory Judgment
    • Rule 58 Entering Judgment
    • Rule 59 New Trial; Altering or Amending a Judgment
    • Rule 60 Relief from a Judgment or Order
    • Rule 61 Harmless Error
    • Rule 62 Stay of Proceedings to Enforce a Judgment
    • Rule 62.1 Indicative Ruling on a Motion for Relief That is Barred by a Pending Appeal
    • Rule 63 Judge's Inability to Proceed
  • Title VIII Provisional and Final Remedies
    • Rule 64 Seizing a Person or Property
    • Rule 65 Injunctions and Restraining Orders
    • Rule 65.1 Proceedings Against A Surety
    • Rule 66 Receivers
    • Rule 67 Deposit into Court
    • Rule 68 Offer of Judgment
    • Rule 69 Execution
    • Rule 70 Enforcing a Judgment for a Specific Act
    • Rule 71 Enforcing Relief for or Against a Nonparty
  • Title X District Courts and Clerks: Conducting Business; Issuing Orders
    • Rule 77 Conducting Business; Clerk's Authority; Notice of an Order or Judgment
    • Rule 78 Hearing Motions; Submission on Briefs
    • Rule 79 Records Kept by the Clerk
    • Rule 80 Stenographic Transcript as Evidence
  • Title XI General Provisions
    • Rule 81 Applicability of the Rules in General; Removed Actions
    • Rule 82 Jurisdiction and Venue Unaffected
    • Rule 83 Rules by District Courts; Judge's Directives
    • Rule 84 Forms
    • Rule 85 Title
    • Rule 86 Effective Dates
• Federal Rules of Evidence (2011)
  • ARTICLE I GENERAL PROVISIONS
    • Rule 101 Scope
    • Rule 102 Purpose and Construction
    • Rule 103 Rulings on Evidence
    • Rule 104 Preliminary Questions
    • Rule 105 Limited Admissibility
    • Rule 106 Remainder of or Related Writings or Recorded Statements
  • ARTICLE II JUDICIAL NOTICE
    • Rule 201 Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts
  • ARTICLE III PRESUMPTIONS IN CIVIL ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS
    • Rule 301 Presumptions in General in Civil Actions and Proceedings
    • Rule 302 Applicability of State Law in Civil Actions and Proceedings
  • ARTICLE IV RELEVANCY AND ITS LIMITS
    • Rule 401 Definition of Relevant Evidence
    • Rule 402 Relevant Evidence Generally Admissible; Irrelevant Evidence Inadmissible
    • Rule 403 Exclusion of Relevant Evidence on Grounds of Prejudice, Confusion, or Waste of Time
    • Rule 404 Character Evidence Not Admissible To Prove Conduct; Exceptions; Other Crimes
    • Rule 405 Methods of Proving Character
    • Rule 406 Habit; Routine Practice
    • Rule 407 Subsequent Remedial Measures
    • Rule 408 Compromise and Offers to Compromise
    • Rule 409 Payment of Medical and Similar Expenses
    • Rule 410 Inadmissibility of Pleas, Plea Discussions, and Related Statements
    • Rule 411 Liability Insurance
    • Rule 412 Sex Offense Cases; Relevance of Alleged Victim
    • Rule 413 Evidence of Similar Crimes in Sexual Assault Cases
    • Rule 414 Evidence of Similar Crimes in Child Molestation Case
    • Rule 415 Evidence of Similar Acts in Civil Cases Concerning Sexual Assault or Child Molestation
  • ARTICLE IX AUTHENTICATION AND IDENTIFICATION
    • Rule 901 Requirement of Authentication or Identification
    • Rule 902 Self-authentication
    • Rule 903 Subscribing Witness
  • ARTICLE V PRIVILEGES
    • Rule 501 General Rule [Privileges]
    • Rule 502 Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product; Limitations on Waiver
  • ARTICLE VI WITNESSES
    • Rule 601 General Rule of Competency
    • Rule 602 Lack of Personal Knowledge
    • Rule 603 Oath or Affirmation
    • Rule 604 Interpreters
    • Rule 605 Competency of Judge as Witness
    • Rule 606 Competency of Juror as Witness
    • Rule 607 Who May Impeach
    • Rule 608 Evidence of Character and Conduct of Witness
    • Rule 609 Impeachment by Evidence of Conviction of Crime
    • Rule 610 Religious Beliefs or Opinions
    • Rule 611 Mode and Order of Interrogation and Presentation
    • Rule 612 Writing Used To Refresh Memory
    • Rule 613 Prior Statements of Witnesses
    • Rule 614 Calling and Interrogation of Witnesses by Court
    • Rule 615 Exclusion of Witnesses
  • ARTICLE VII OPINIONS AND EXPERT TESTIMONY
    • Rule 701 Opinion Testimony by Lay Witnesses
    • Rule 702 Testimony by Experts
    • Rule 703 Bases of Opinion Testimony by Experts
    • Rule 704 Opinion on Ultimate Issue
    • Rule 705 Disclosure of Facts or Data Underlying Expert Opinion
    • Rule 706 Court Appointed Experts
  • ARTICLE VIII HEARSAY
    • Rule 801 Definitions [Hearsay]
    • Rule 802 Hearsay Rule
    • Rule 803 Hearsay Exceptions; Availability of Declarant Immaterial
    • Rule 804 Hearsay Exceptions; Declarant Unavailable
    • Rule 805 Hearsay Within Hearsay
    • Rule 806 Attacking and Supporting Credibility of Declarant
    • Rule 807 Residual Exception
  • ARTICLE X CONTENTS OF WRITINGS, RECORDINGS, AND PHOTOGRAPHS
    • Rule 1001 Definitions [Writings]
    • Rule 1002 Requirement of Original
    • Rule 1003 Admissibility of Duplicates
    • Rule 1004 Admissibility of Other Evidence of Contents
    • Rule 1005 Public Records
    • Rule 1006 Summaries
    • Rule 1007 Testimony or Written Admission of Party
    • Rule 1008 Functions of Court and Jury
  • ARTICLE XI MISCELLANEOUS RULES
    • Rule 1101 Applicability of Rules
    • Rule 1102 Amendments
• United States Code
  • Title 28 Judiciary and Judicial Procedure
    • 1 Number of justices; quorum
    • 2 Terms of court
    • 3 Vacancy in office of Chief Justice; disability
    • 4 Precedence of associate justices
    • 5 Salaries of justices
    • 6 Records of former court of appeals
    • 41 Number and composition of circuits
    • 42 Allotment of Supreme Court justices to circuits
    • 43 Creation and composition of courts
    • 44 Appointment, tenure, residence and salary of circuit judges
    • 45 Chief judges; precedence of judges
    • 46 Assignment of judges; panels; hearings; quorum
    • 47 Disqualification of trial judge to hear appeal
    • 48 Terms of court
    • 49 Assignment of judges to division to appoint independent counsels
    • 81 Alabama
    • 81A Alaska
    • 82 Arizona
    • 83 Arkansas
    • 84 California
    • 85 Colorado
    • 86 Connecticut
    • 87 Delaware
    • 88 District of Columbia
    • 89 Florida
    • 90 Georgia
    • 91 Hawaii
    • 92 Idaho
    • 93 Illinois
    • 94 Indiana
    • 95 Iowa
    • 96 Kansas
    • 97 Kentucky
    • 98 Louisiana
    • 99 Maine
    • 100 Maryland
    • 101 Massachusetts
    • 102 Michigan
    • 103 Minnesota
    • 104 Mississippi
    • 105 Missouri
    • 106 Montana
    • 107 Nebraska
    • 108 Nevada
    • 109 New Hampshire
    • 110 New Jersey
    • 111 New Mexico
    • 112 New York
    • 113 North Carolina
    • 114 North Dakota
    • 115 Ohio
    • 116 Oklahoma
    • 117 Oregon
    • 118 Pennsylvania
    • 119 Puerto Rico
    • 120 Rhode Island
    • 121 South Carolina
    • 122 South Dakota
    • 123 Tennessee
    • 124 Texas
    • 125 Utah
    • 126 Vermont
    • 127 Virginia
    • 128 Washington
    • 129 West Virginia
    • 130 Wisconsin
    • 131 Wyoming
    • 132 Creation and composition of district courts
    • 133 Appointment and number of district judges
    • 134 Tenure and residence of district judges
    • 135 Salaries of district judges
    • 136 Chief judges; precedence of district judges
    • 137 Division of business among district judges
    • 138 Terms abolished
    • 139 Times for holding regular sessions
    • 140 Adjournment
    • 141 Special sessions; places; notice
    • 143 Vacant judgeship as affecting proceedings
    • 144 Bias or prejudice of judge
    • 151 Designation of bankruptcy courts
    • 152 Appointment of bankruptcy judges
    • 153 Salaries; character of service
    • 154 Division of businesses; chief judge
    • 155 Temporary transfer of bankruptcy judges
    • 156 Staff; expenses
    • 157 Procedures
    • 158 Appeals
    • 159 Bankruptcy statistics
    • 171 Appointment and number of judges; character of court; designation of chief judge
    • 172 Tenure and salaries of judges
    • 173 Times and places of holding court
    • 174 Assignment of judges; decisions
    • 175 Official duty station; residence
    • 176 Removal from office
    • 177 Disbarment of removed judges
    • 178 Retirement of judges of the Court of Federal Claims
    • 179 Personnel application and insurance programs
    • 251 Appointment and number of judges; offices
    • 252 Tenure and salaries of judges
    • 253 Duties of chief judge
    • 254 Single-judge trials
    • 255 Three-judge trials
    • 256 Trials at ports other than New York
    • 257 Publication of decisions
    • 258 Chief judges; precedence of judges
    • 291 Circuit judges
    • 292 District judges
    • 293 Judges of the Court of International Trade
    • 294 Assignment of retired Justices or judges to active duty
    • 295 Conditions upon designation and assignment
    • 296 Powers upon designation and assignment
    • 297 Assignment of judges to courts of the freely associated compact states
    • 331 Judicial Conference of the United States
    • 332 Judicial councils of circuits
    • 333 Judicial conferences of circuits
    • 334 Institutes and joint councils on sentencing
    • 335 Judicial Conference of the Court of International Trade
    • 351 Complaints; judge defined
    • 352 Review of complaint by chief judge
    • 353 Special committees
    • 354 Action by judicial council
    • 355 Action by Judicial Conference
    • 356 Subpoena power
    • 357 Review of orders and actions
    • 358 Rules
    • 359 Restrictions
    • 360 Disclosure of information
    • 361 Reimbursement of expenses
    • 362 Other provisions and rules not affected
    • 363 Court of Federal Claims, Court of International Trade, Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
    • 364 Effect of felony conviction
    • 371 Retirement on salary; retirement in senior status
    • 372 Retirement for disability; substitute judge on failure to retire
    • 373 Judges in territories and possessions
    • 374 Residence of retired judges; official station
    • 375 Recall of certain judges and magistrate judges
    • 376 Annuities for survivors of certain judicial officials of the United States
    • 377 Retirement of bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges
    • 411 Supreme Court reports; printing, binding, and distribution
    • 412 Sale of Supreme Court reports
    • 413 Publications; distribution to courts
    • 414 Transmittal of books to successors
    • 451 Definitions
    • 452 Courts always open; powers unrestricted by expiration of sessions
    • 453 Oaths of justices and judges
    • 454 Practice of law by justices and judges
    • 455 Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate judge
    • 456 Traveling expenses of justices and judges; official duty stations
    • 457 Records; obsolete papers
    • 458 Relative of justice or judge ineligible to appointment
    • 459 Administration of oaths and acknowledgments
    • 460 Application to other courts
    • 461 Adjustments in certain salaries
    • 462 Court accommodations
    • 463 Expenses of litigation
    • 471 Requirement for a district court civil justice expense and delay reduction plan
    • 472 Development and implementation of a civil justice expense and delay reduction plan
    • 473 Content of civil justice expense and delay reduction plans
    • 474 Review of district court action
    • 475 Periodic district court assessment
    • 476 Enhancement of judicial information dissemination
    • 477 Model civil justice expense and delay reduction plan
    • 478 Advisory groups
    • 479 Information on litigation management and cost and delay reduction
    • 480 Training programs
    • 481 Automated case information
    • 482 Definitions
    • 501 Executive department
    • 502 Seal
    • 503 Attorney General
    • 504 Deputy Attorneys General
    • 504a Associate Attorney General
    • 505 Solicitor General
    • 506 Assistant Attorneys General
    • 507 Assistant Attorney General for Administration
    • 507A Assistant Attorney General for National Security
    • 508 Vacancies
    • 509 Functions of the Attorney General
    • 509A National Security Division
    • 509B Section to enforce human rights laws
    • 510 Delegation of authority
    • 511 Attorney General to advise the President
    • 512 Attorney General to advise heads of executive departments
    • 513 Attorney General to advise Secretaries of military departments
    • 514 Legal services on pending claims in departments and agencies
    • 515 Authority for legal proceedings; commission, oath, and salary for special attorneys
    • 516 Conduct of litigation reserved to Department of Justice
    • 517 Interests of United States in pending suits
    • 518 Conduct and argument of cases
    • 519 Supervision of litigation
    • 520 Transmission of petitions in United States Court of Federal Claims or in United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; statement furnished by departments
    • 521 Publication and distribution of opinions
    • 522 Report of business and statistics
    • 523 Requisitions
    • 524 Availability of appropriations
    • 525 Procurement of law books, reference books, and periodicals; sale and exchange
    • 526 Authority of Attorney General to investigate United States attorneys, marshals, trustees, clerks of court, and others
    • 527 Establishment of working capital fund
    • 528 Disqualification of officers and employees of the Department of Justice
    • 529 Annual report of Attorney General
    • 530 Payment of travel and transportation expenses of newly appointed special agents
    • 530A Authorization of appropriations for travel and related expenses and for health care of personnel serving abroad
    • 530B Ethical standards for attorneys for the Government
    • 530C Authority to use available funds
    • 530D Report on enforcement of laws
    • 531 Federal Bureau of Investigation
    • 532 Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
    • 533 Investigative and other officials; appointment
    • 534 Acquisition, preservation, and exchange of identification records and information; appointment of officials
    • 535 Investigation of crimes involving Government officers and employees; limitations
    • 536 Positions in excepted service
    • 537 Expenses of unforeseen emergencies of a confidential character
    • 538 Investigation of aircraft piracy and related violations
    • 539 Counterintelligence official reception and representation expenses
    • 540 Investigation of felonious killings of State or local law enforcement officers
    • 540A Investigation of violent crimes against travelers
    • 540B Investigation of serial killings
    • 540C FBI Police
    • 541 United States attorneys
    • 542 Assistant United States attorneys
    • 543 Special attorneys
    • 544 Oath of office
    • 545 Residence
    • 546 Vacancies
    • 547 Duties
    • 548 Salaries
    • 549 Expenses
    • 550 Clerical assistants, messengers, and private process servers
    • 561 United States Marshals Service
    • 562 Vacancies
    • 563 Oath of office
    • 564 Powers as sheriff
    • 565 Expenses of the Service
    • 566 Powers and duties
    • 567 Collection of fees; accounting
    • 568 Practice of law prohibited
    • 569 Reemployment rights
    • 581 United States trustees
    • 582 Assistant United States trustees
    • 583 Oath of office
    • 584 Official stations
    • 585 Vacancies
    • 586 Duties; supervision by Attorney General
    • 587 Salaries
    • 588 Expenses
    • 589 Staff and other employees
    • 589a United States Trustee System Fund
    • 589b Bankruptcy data
    • 591 Applicability of provisions of this chapter
    • 592 Preliminary investigation and application for appointment of an independent counsel
    • 593 Duties of the division of the court
    • 594 Authority and duties of an independent counsel
    • 595 Congressional oversight
    • 596 Removal of an independent counsel; termination of office
    • 597 Relationship with Department of Justice
    • 598 Severability
    • 599 Termination of effect of chapter
    • 599A Bureau of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and Explosives
    • 599B Personnel Management demonstration project
    • 601 Creation; Director and Deputy Director
    • 602 Employees
    • 603 Salaries
    • 604 Duties of Director generally
    • 605 Budget estimates
    • 606 Duties of Deputy Director
    • 607 Practice of law prohibited
    • 608 Seal
    • 609 Courts' appointive power unaffected
    • 610 Courts defined
    • 611 Retirement of Director
    • 612 Judiciary Information Technology Fund
    • 613 Disbursing and certifying officers
    • 620 Federal Judicial Center
    • 621 Board; composition, tenure of members, compensation
    • 622 Meetings; conduct of business
    • 623 Duties of the Board
    • 624 Powers of the Board
    • 625 Director and staff
    • 626 Compensation of the Director and Deputy Director
    • 627 Retirement; employee benefits
    • 628 Appropriations and accounting
    • 629 Federal Judicial Center Foundation
    • 631 Appointment and tenure
    • 632 Character of service
    • 633 Determination of number, locations, and salaries of magistrate judges
    • 634 Compensation
    • 635 Expenses
    • 636 Jurisdiction, powers, and temporary assignment
    • 637 Training
    • 638 Dockets and forms; United States Code; seals
    • 639 Definitions
    • 651 Authorization of alternative dispute resolution
    • 652 Jurisdiction
    • 653 Neutrals
    • 654 Arbitration
    • 655 Arbitrators
    • 656 Subpoenas
    • 657 Arbitration award and judgment
    • 658 Compensation of arbitrators and neutrals
    • 671 Clerk
    • 672 Marshal
    • 673 Reporter
    • 674 Librarian
    • 675 Law clerks and secretaries
    • 676 Printing and binding
    • 677 Counselor to the Chief Justice
    • 711 Clerks and employees
    • 712 Law clerks and secretaries
    • 713 Librarians
    • 714 Criers and messengers
    • 715 Staff attorneys and technical assistants
    • 751 Clerks
    • 752 Law clerks and secretaries
    • 753 Reporters
    • 754 Receivers of property in different districts
    • 755 Criers and bailiffs
    • 756 Power to appoint
    • 791 Clerk
    • 794 Law clerks and secretaries
    • 795 Bailiffs and messengers
    • 796 Reporting of court proceedings
    • 797 Recall of retired judges
    • 798 Places of holding court; appointment of special masters
    • 871 Clerk, chief deputy clerk, assistant clerk, deputies, assistants, and other employees
    • 872 Criers, bailiffs, and messengers
    • 951 Oath of office of clerks and deputies
    • 953 Administration of oaths and acknowledgments
    • 954 Vacancy in clerk position; absence of clerk
    • 955 Practice of law restricted
    • 956 Powers and duties of clerks and deputies
    • 957 Clerks ineligible for certain offices
    • 958 Persons ineligible as receivers
    • 959 Trustees and receivers suable; management; State laws
    • 960 Tax liability
    • 961 Office expenses of clerks
    • 963 Courts defined
    • 991 United States Sentencing Commission; establishment and purposes
    • 992 Terms of office; compensation
    • 993 Powers and duties of Chair
    • 994 Duties of the Commission
    • 995 Powers of the Commission
    • 996 Director and staff
    • 997 Annual report
    • 998 Definitions
    • 1251 Original jurisdiction
    • 1253 Direct appeals from decisions of three-judge courts
    • 1254 Courts of appeals; certiorari; certified questions
    • 1257 State courts; certiorari
    • 1258 Supreme Court of Puerto Rico; certiorari
    • 1259 Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces; certiorari
    • 1291 Final decisions of district courts
    • 1292 Interlocutory decisions
    • 1294 Circuits in which decisions reviewable
    • 1295 Jurisdiction of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
    • 1296 Review of certain agency actions
    • 1330 Actions against foreign states
    • 1331 Federal question
    • 1332 Diversity of citizenship; amount in controversy; costs
    • 1333 Admiralty, maritime and prize cases
    • 1334 Bankruptcy cases and proceedings
    • 1335 Interpleader
    • 1336 Surface Transportation Board's orders
    • 1337 Commerce and antitrust regulations; amount in controversy, costs
    • 1338 Patents, plant variety protection, copyrights, mask works, designs, trademarks, and unfair competition
    • 1339 Postal matters
    • 1340 Internal revenue; customs duties
    • 1341 Taxes by States
    • 1342 Rate orders of State agencies
    • 1343 Civil rights and elective franchise
    • 1344 Election disputes
    • 1345 United States as plaintiff
    • 1346 United States as defendant
    • 1347 Partition action where United States is joint tenant
    • 1348 Banking association as party
    • 1349 Corporation organized under federal law as party
    • 1350 Alien's action for tort
    • 1351 Consuls, vice consuls, and members of a diplomatic mission as defendant
    • 1352 Bonds executed under federal law
    • 1353 Indian allotments
    • 1354 Land grants from different states
    • 1355 Fine, penalty or forfeiture
    • 1356 Seizures not within admiralty and maritime jurisdiction
    • 1357 Injuries under Federal laws
    • 1358 Eminent domain
    • 1359 Parties collusively joined or made
    • 1360 State civil jurisdiction in actions to which Indians are parties
    • 1361 Action to compel an officer of the United States to perform his duty
    • 1362 Indian tribes
    • 1363 Jurors' employment rights
    • 1364 Direct actions against insurers of members of diplomatic missions and their families
    • 1365 Senate actions
    • 1366 Construction of references to laws of the United States or Acts of Congress
    • 1367 Supplemental jurisdiction
    • 1368 Counterclaims in unfair practices in international trade
    • 1369 Multiparty, multiforum jurisdiction
    • 1391 Venue generally
    • 1392 Defendants or property in different districts in same State
    • 1394 Banking association's action against Comptroller of Currency
    • 1395 Fine, penalty or forfeiture
    • 1396 Internal revenue taxes
    • 1397 Interpleader
    • 1398 Interstate Commerce Commission's orders
    • 1399 Partition action involving United States
    • 1400 Patents and copyrights, mask works, and designs
    • 1401 Stockholder's derivative action
    • 1402 United States as defendant
    • 1403 Eminent domain
    • 1404 Change of venue
    • 1405 Creation or alteration of district or division
    • 1406 Cure or waiver of defects
    • 1407 Multidistrict litigation
    • 1408 Venue of cases under title 11
    • 1409 Venue of proceedings arising under title 11 or arising in or related to cases under title 11
    • 1410 Venue of cases ancillary to foreign proceedings
    • 1411 Jury trials
    • 1412 Change of venue
    • 1413 Venue of cases under chapter 5 of title 3
    • 1441 Actions removable generally
    • 1442 Federal officers or agencies sued or prosecuted
    • 1442a Members of armed forces sued or prosecuted
    • 1443 Civil rights cases
    • 1444 Foreclosure action against United States
    • 1445 Nonremovable actions
    • 1446 Procedure for removal
    • 1447 Procedure after removal generally
    • 1448 Process after removal
    • 1449 State court record supplied
    • 1450 Attachment or sequestration; securities
    • 1451 Definitions
    • 1452 Removal of claims related to bankruptcy cases
    • 1453 Removal of class actions
    • 1454 Patent, plant variety protection, and copyright cases
    • 1491 Claims against United States generally; actions involving Tennessee Valley Authority
    • 1492 Congressional reference cases
    • 1494 Accounts of officers, agents or contractors
    • 1495 Damages for unjust conviction and imprisonment; claim against United States
    • 1496 Disbursing officers' claims
    • 1497 Oyster growers' damages from dredging operations
    • 1498 Patent and copyright cases
    • 1499 Liquidated damages withheld from contractors under chapter 37 of title 40
    • 1500 Pendency of claims in other courts
    • 1501 Pensions
    • 1502 Treaty cases
    • 1503 Set-offs
    • 1505 Indian claims
    • 1507 Jurisdiction for certain declaratory judgments
    • 1508 Jurisdiction for certain partnership proceedings
    • 1509 No jurisdiction in cases involving refunds of tax shelter promoter and understatement penalties
    • 1581 Civil actions against the United States and agencies and officers thereof
    • 1582 Civil actions commenced by the United States
    • 1583 Counterclaims, cross-claims, and third-party actions
    • 1584 Civil actions under the North American Free Trade Agreement or the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement
    • 1585 Powers in law and equity
    • 1602 Findings and declaration of purpose
    • 1603 Definitions
    • 1604 Immunity of a foreign state from jurisdiction
    • 1605 General exceptions to the jurisdictional immunity of a foreign state
    • 1605A Terrorism exception to the jurisdictional immunity of a foreign state
    • 1606 Extent of liability
    • 1607 Counterclaims
    • 1608 Service; time to answer; default
    • 1609 Immunity from attachment and execution of property of a foreign state
    • 1610 Exceptions to the immunity from attachment or execution
    • 1611 Certain types of property immune from execution
    • 1631 Transfer to cure want of jurisdiction
    • 1651 Writs
    • 1652 State laws as rules of decision
    • 1653 Amendment of pleadings to show jurisdiction
    • 1654 Appearance personally or by counsel
    • 1655 Lien enforcement; absent defendants
    • 1656 Creation of new district or division or transfer of territory; lien enforcement
    • 1657 Priority of civil actions
    • 1658 Time limitations on the commencement of civil actions arising under Acts of Congress
    • 1659 Stay of certain actions pending disposition of related proceedings before the United States International Trade Commission
    • 1691 Seal and teste of process
    • 1692 Process and orders affecting property in different districts
    • 1693 Place of arrest in civil action
    • 1694 Patent infringement action
    • 1695 Stockholder's derivative action
    • 1696 Service in foreign and international litigation
    • 1697 Service in multiparty, multiforum actions
    • 1711 Definitions
    • 1712 Coupon settlements
    • 1713 Protection against loss by class members
    • 1714 Protection against discrimination based on geographic location
    • 1715 Notifications to appropriate Federal and State officials
    • 1731 Handwriting
    • 1732 Record made in regular course of business; photographic copies
    • 1733 Government records and papers; copies
    • 1734 Court record lost or destroyed, generally
    • 1735 Court record lost or destroyed where United States interested
    • 1736 Congressional Journals
    • 1737 Copy of officer's bond
    • 1738 State and Territorial statutes and judicial proceedings; full faith and credit
    • 1738A Full faith and credit given to child custody determinations
    • 1738B Full faith and credit for child support orders
    • 1738C Certain acts, records, and proceedings and the effect thereof
    • 1739 State and Territorial nonjudicial records; full faith and credit
    • 1740 Copies of consular papers
    • 1741 Foreign official documents
    • 1743 Demand on postmaster
    • 1744 Copies of United States Patent and Trademark Office documents, generally
    • 1745 Copies of foreign patent documents
    • 1746 Unsworn declarations under penalty of perjury
    • 1781 Transmittal of letter rogatory or request
    • 1782 Assistance to foreign and international tribunals and to litigants before such tribunals
    • 1783 Subpoena of person in foreign country
    • 1784 Contempt
    • 1785 Subpoenas in multiparty, multiforum actions
    • 1821 Per diem and mileage generally; subsistence
    • 1822 Competency of interested persons; share of penalties payable
    • 1824 Mileage fees under summons as both witness and juror
    • 1825 Payment of fees
    • 1826 Recalcitrant witnesses
    • 1827 Interpreters in courts of the United States
    • 1828 Special interpretation services
    • 1861 Declaration of policy
    • 1862 Discrimination prohibited
    • 1863 Plan for random jury selection
    • 1864 Drawing of names from the master jury wheel; completion of juror qualification form
    • 1865 Qualifications for jury service
    • 1866 Selection and summoning of jury panels
    • 1867 Challenging compliance with selection procedures
    • 1868 Maintenance and inspection of records
    • 1869 Definitions
    • 1870 Challenges
    • 1871 Fees
    • 1872 Issues of fact in Supreme Court
    • 1873 Admiralty and maritime cases
    • 1874 Actions on bonds and specialties
    • 1875 Protection of jurors' employment
    • 1876 Trial by jury in the Court of International Trade
    • 1877 Protection of jurors
    • 1878 Optional use of a one-step summoning and qualification procedure
    • 1911 Supreme Court
    • 1912 Damages and costs on affirmance
    • 1913 Courts of appeals
    • 1914 District court; filing and miscellaneous fees; rules of court
    • 1915 Proceedings in forma pauperis
    • 1915A Screening
    • 1916 Seamen's suits
    • 1917 District courts; fee on filing notice of or petition for appeal
    • 1918 District courts; fines, forfeitures and criminal proceedings
    • 1919 Dismissal for lack of jurisdiction
    • 1920 Taxation of costs
    • 1921 United States marshal's fees
    • 1922 Witness fees before United States magistrate judges
    • 1923 Docket fees and costs of briefs
    • 1924 Verification of bill of costs
    • 1925 Admiralty and maritime cases
    • 1926 Court of Federal Claims
    • 1927 Counsel's liability for excessive costs
    • 1928 Patent infringement action; disclaimer not filed
    • 1929 Extraordinary expenses not expressly authorized
    • 1930 Bankruptcy fees
    • 1931 Disposition of filing fees
    • 1932 [FN1] Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation
    • 1932 [FN1] Revocation of earned release credit
    • 1961 Interest
    • 1962 Lien
    • 1963 Registration of judgments for enforcement in other districts
    • 1964 Constructive notice of pending actions
    • 2001 Sale of realty generally
    • 2002 Notice of sale of realty
    • 2003 Marshal's incapacity after levy on or sale of realty
    • 2004 Sale of personalty generally
    • 2005 Appraisal of goods taken on execution
    • 2006 Execution against revenue officer
    • 2007 Imprisonment for debt
    • 2041 Deposit of moneys in pending or adjudicated cases
    • 2042 Withdrawal
    • 2043 Deposit of other moneys
    • 2044 Payment of fine with bond money
    • 2045 Investment of court registry funds
    • 2071 Rule-making power generally
    • 2072 Rules of procedure and evidence; power to prescribe
    • 2073 Rules of procedure and evidence; method of prescribing
    • 2074 Rules of procedure and evidence; submission to Congress; effective date
    • 2075 Bankruptcy rules
    • 2077 Publication of rules; advisory committees
    • 2101 Supreme Court; time for appeal or certiorari; docketing; stay
    • 2102 Priority of criminal case on appeal from State court
    • 2104 Reviews of State court decisions
    • 2105 Scope of review; abatement
    • 2106 Determination
    • 2107 Time for appeal to court of appeals
    • 2108 Proof of amount in controversy
    • 2109 Quorum of Supreme Court justices absent
    • 2111 Harmless error
    • 2112 Record on review and enforcement of agency orders
    • 2113 Definition
    • 2201 Creation of remedy
    • 2202 Further relief
    • 2241 Power to grant writ
    • 2242 Application
    • 2243 Issuance of writ; return; hearing; decision
    • 2244 Finality of determination
    • 2245 Certificate of trial judge admissible in evidence
    • 2246 Evidence; depositions; affidavits
    • 2247 Documentary evidence
    • 2248 Return or answer; conclusiveness
    • 2249 Certified copies of indictment, plea and judgment; duty of respondent
    • 2250 Indigent petitioner entitled to documents without cost
    • 2251 Stay of State court proceedings
    • 2252 Notice
    • 2253 Appeal
    • 2254 State custody; remedies in Federal courts
    • 2255 Federal custody; remedies on motion attacking sentence
    • 2261 Prisoners in State custody subject to capital sentence; appointment of counsel; requirement of rule of court or statute; procedures for appointment
    • 2262 Mandatory stay of execution; duration; limits on stays of execution; successive petitions
    • 2263 Filing of habeas corpus application; time requirements; tolling rules
    • 2264 Scope of Federal review; district court adjudications
    • 2265 Certification and judicial review
    • 2266 Limitation periods for determining applications and motions
    • 2283 Stay of State court proceedings
    • 2284 Three-judge court; when required; composition; procedure
    • 2321 Judicial review of Board's orders and decisions; procedure generally; process
    • 2322 United States as party
    • 2323 Duties of Attorney General; intervenors
    • 2341 Definitions
    • 2342 Jurisdiction of court of appeals
    • 2343 Venue
    • 2344 Review of orders; time; notice; contents of petition; service
    • 2345 Prehearing conference
    • 2346 Certification of record on review
    • 2347 Petitions to review; proceedings
    • 2348 Representation in proceeding; intervention
    • 2349 Jurisdiction of the proceeding
    • 2350 Review in Supreme Court on certiorari or certification
    • 2351 Enforcement of orders by district courts
    • 2361 Process and procedure
    • 2401 Time for commencing action against United States
    • 2402 Jury trial in actions against United States
    • 2403 Intervention by United States or a State; constitutional question
    • 2404 Death of defendant in damage action
    • 2405 Garnishment
    • 2406 Credits in actions by United States; prior disallowance
    • 2407 Delinquents for public money; judgment at return term; continuance
    • 2408 Security not required of United States
    • 2409 Partition actions involving United States
    • 2409a Real property quiet title actions
    • 2410 Actions affecting property on which United States has lien
    • 2411 Interest
    • 2412 Costs and fees
    • 2413 Executions in favor of United States
    • 2414 Payment of judgments and compromise settlements
    • 2415 Time for commencing actions brought by the United States
    • 2416 Time for commencing actions brought by the United States-Exclusions
    • 2461 Mode of recovery
    • 2462 Time for commencing proceedings
    • 2463 Property taken under revenue law not repleviable
    • 2464 Security; special bond
    • 2465 Return of property to claimant; liability for wrongful seizure; attorney fees, costs, and interest
    • 2466 Fugitive disentitlement
    • 2467 Enforcement of foreign judgment
    • 2501 Time for filing suit
    • 2502 Aliens' privilege to sue
    • 2503 Proceedings generally
    • 2504 Plaintiff's testimony
    • 2505 Trial before judges
    • 2506 Interest of witness
    • 2507 Calls and discovery
    • 2508 Counterclaim or set-off; registration of judgment
    • 2509 Congressional reference cases
    • 2510 Referral of cases by Comptroller General
    • 2511 Accounts of officers, agents or contractors
    • 2512 Disbursing officers; relief
    • 2513 Unjust conviction and imprisonment
    • 2514 Forfeiture of fraudulent claims
    • 2515 New trial; stay of judgment
    • 2516 Interest on claims and judgments
    • 2517 Payment of judgments
    • 2519 Conclusiveness of judgment
    • 2521 Subpoenas and incidental powers
    • 2522 Notice of appeal
    • 2631 Persons entitled to commence a civil action
    • 2632 Commencement of a civil action
    • 2633 Procedure and fees
    • 2634 Notice
    • 2635 Filing of official documents
    • 2636 Time for commencement of action
    • 2637 Exhaustion of administrative remedies
    • 2638 New grounds in support of a civil action
    • 2639 Burden of proof; evidence of value
    • 2640 Scope and standard of review
    • 2641 Witnesses; inspection of documents
    • 2642 Analysis of imported merchandise
    • 2643 Relief
    • 2644 Interest
    • 2645 Decisions
    • 2646 Retrial or rehearing
    • 2671 Definitions
    • 2672 Administrative adjustment of claims
    • 2673 Reports to Congress
    • 2674 Liability of United States
    • 2675 Disposition by federal agency as prerequisite; evidence
    • 2676 Judgment as bar
    • 2677 Compromise
    • 2678 Attorney fees; penalty
    • 2679 Exclusiveness of remedy
    • 2680 Exceptions
    • 2710 Right of attachment
    • 2711 Application for warrant
    • 2712 Issue of warrant
    • 2713 Trial of ownership of property
    • 2714 Investment of proceeds of attached property
    • 2715 Publication
    • 2716 Personal notice
    • 2717 Discharge
    • 2718 Interest on balances due department
    • 3701 Definitions
    • 3702 Unlawful sports gambling
    • 3703 Injunctions
    • 3704 Applicability
    • 3901 Civil actions
    • 3902 Judicial review of regulations
    • 3903 Effect of failure to issue regulations
    • 3904 Expedited review of certain appeals
    • 3905 Attorney's fees and interest
    • 3906 Payments
    • 3907 Other judicial review prohibited
    • 3908 Definitions
    • 4001 Assumption of contractual obligations related to transfers of rights in motion pictures
    • 4101 Definitions
    • 4102 Recognition of foreign defamation judgments
    • 4103 Removal
    • 4104 Declaratory judgments
    • 4105 Attorneys' fees
    • Appendix of Forms
      • Forms Petition for Relief From a Conviction or Sentence By a Person in State Custody
      • Forms Motion to Vacate, Set Aside, or Correct a Sentence By a Person in Federal Custody
    • II Rules for Multicircuit Petitions for Review Under 28 U.S.C.2112(a)(3)
      • Rule 25.1 Definitions
      • Rule 25.2 Filing of Notices
      • Rule 25.3 Service of Notices
      • Rule 25.4 Form of Notices; Place of Filing
      • Rule 25.5 Random Selection
      • Rule 25.6 Service of Panel Consolidation Order
    • I Rules for Multidistrict Litigation Under 28 U.S.C.1407
      • Rule 1.1 Definitions
      • Rule 2.1. Rules and Practice
      • Rule 3.1 Electronic Records and Files; Copy Fees
      • Rule 3.2 ECF Users: Filing Requirements
      • Rule 3.3 Non-ECF Users: Filing Requirements
      • Rule 4.1 Service of Pleadings
      • Rule 5.1 Corporate Disclosure Statement
      • Rule 6.1 Motion Practice
      • Rule 6.2 Motions to Transfer for Coordinated or Consolidated Pretrial Proceedings
      • Rule 6.3 Motions for Miscellaneous Relief
      • Rule 7.1 Conditional Transfer Orders (CTO) for Tag-Along Actions
      • Rule 7.2 Miscellaneous Provisions Concerning Tag-Along Actions
      • Rule 8.1 Show Cause Orders
      • Rule 9.1 Transfer of Files; Notification Requirements
      • Rule 10.1 Termination and Remand
      • Rule 10.2 Conditional Remand Orders (CRO)
      • Rule 10.3 Motion to Remand
      • Rule 10.4 Transfer of Files on Remand
      • Rule 11.1 Hearing Sessions and Oral Argument
    • Legislative History
    • Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts
      • Rule 1 Scope
      • Rule 2 The Petition
      • Rule 3 Filing the Petition; Inmate Filing
      • Rule 4 Preliminary Review; Serving the Petition and Order
      • Rule 5 The Answer and the Reply
      • Rule 6 Discovery
      • Rule 7 Expanding the Record
      • Rule 8 Evidentiary Hearing
      • Rule 9 Second or Successive Petitions
      • Rule 10 Powers of a Magistrate Judge
      • Rule 11 Certificate of Appealability; Time to Appeal
      • Rule 12 Applicability of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
    • Rules Governing Section 2255 Proceedings for the United States District Courts
      • Rule 1 Scope
      • Rule 2 The Motion
      • Rule 3 Filing the Motion; Inmate Filing
      • Rule 4 Preliminary Review
      • Rule 5 The Answer and the Reply
      • Rule 6 Discovery
      • Rule 9 Second or Successive Motions
      • Rule 11 Certificate of Appealability; Time to Appeal
      • Rule 12 Applicability of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
    • Subchapter A Definitions and General Provisions
      • 3001 Applicability of chapter
      • 3002 Definitions
      • 3003 Rules of construction
      • 3004 Service of process; enforcement; notice
      • 3005 Application of chapter to judgments
      • 3006 Affidavit requirements
      • 3007 Perishable personal property
      • 3008 Proceedings before United States magistrate judges
      • 3009 United States marshals' authority to designate keeper
      • 3010 Co-owned property
      • 3011 Assessment of surcharge on a debt
      • 3012 Joinder of additional defendant
      • 3013 Modification or protective order; supervision of enforcement
      • 3014 Exempt property
      • 3015 Discovery as to debtor's financial condition
    • Subchapter B Prejudgment Remedies
      • 3101 Prejudgment remedies
      • 3102 Attachment
      • 3103 Receivership
      • 3104 Garnishment
      • 3105 Sequestration
    • Subchapter C Postjudgment Remedies
      • 3201 Judgment liens
      • 3202 Enforcement of judgments
      • 3203 Execution
      • 3204 Installment payment order
      • 3205 Garnishment
      • 3206 Discharge
    • Subchapter D Fraudulent Transfers Involving Debts
      • 3301 Definitions
      • 3302 Insolvency
      • 3303 Value for transfer or obligation
      • 3304 Transfer fraudulent as to a debt to the United States
      • 3305 When transfer is made or obligation is incurred
      • 3306 Remedies of the United States
      • 3307 Defenses, liability, and protection of transferee
      • 3308 Supplementary provision
  • Title 49 Transportation
    • Subtitle VI Motor Vehicle and Driver Programs
      • Part A General
        • Chapter 301 Motor Vehicle Safety
          • 30101 Purpose and policy
          • 30102 Definitions
          • 30103 Relationship to other laws
          • 30104 Authorization of appropriations
          • 30105 Restrictions on lobbying activities
          • 30106 Rented or leased motor vehicle safety and responsibility
          • Subchapter III Importing Noncomplying Motor Vehicles and Equipment
            • 30141 Importing motor vehicles capable of complying with standards
            • 30142 Importing motor vehicles for personal use
            • 30143 Motor vehicles imported by individuals employed outside the United States
            • 30144 Importing motor vehicles on a temporary basis
            • 30145 Importing motor vehicles or equipment requiring further manufacturing
            • 30146 Release of motor vehicles and bonds
            • 30147 Responsibility for defects and noncompliance
          • Subchapter II Standards and Compliance
            • 30111 Standards
            • 30112 Prohibitions on manufacturing, selling, and importing noncomplying motor vehicles and equipment
            • 30113 General exemptions
            • 30114 Special exemptions
            • 30115 Certification of compliance
            • 30116 Defects and noncompliance found before sale to purchaser
            • 30117 Providing information to, and maintaining records on, purchasers
            • 30118 Notification of defects and noncompliance
            • 30119 Notification procedures
            • 30120 Remedies for defects and noncompliance
            • 30121 Provisional notification and civil actions to enforce
            • 30122 Making safety devices and elements inoperative
            • 30123 Tires
            • 30124 Buzzers indicating nonuse of safety belts
            • 30125 Schoolbuses and schoolbus equipment
            • 30126 Used motor vehicles
            • 30127 Automatic occupant crash protection and seat belt use
            • 30128 Vehicle rollover prevention and crash mitigation
          • Subchapter IV Enforcement and Administrative
            • 30161 Judicial review of standards
            • 30162 Petitions by interested persons for standards and enforcement
            • 30163 Actions by the Attorney General
            • 30164 Service of process
            • 30165 Civil penalty
            • 30166 Inspections, investigations, and records
            • 30167 Disclosure of information by the Secretary of Transportation
            • 30168 Research, testing, development, and training
            • 30169 Annual reports
            • 30170 Criminal Penalties
      • Part B Commercial
        • Chapter 311 Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety
          • 31100 Purpose
          • 31101 Definitions
          • 31102 Grants to States
          • 31103 United States Government's share of costs
          • 31104 Availability of amounts
          • 31105 Employee protections
          • 31106 Information systems
          • 31107 Border enforcement grants
          • 31108 Motor carrier research and technology program
          • 31109 Performance and registration information system management
          • Subchapter III Safety Regulation
            • 31131 Purposes and findings
            • 31132 Definitions
            • 31133 General powers of the Secretary of Transportation
            • 31135 Duties of employers and employees
            • 31136 United States Government regulations
            • 31137 Monitoring device and brake maintenance regulations
            • 31138 Minimum financial responsibility for transporting passengers
            • 31139 Minimum financial responsibility for transporting property
            • 31141 Review and preemption of State laws and regulations
            • 31142 Inspection of vehicles
            • 31143 Investigating complaints and protecting complainants
            • 31144 Safety fitness of owners and operators
            • 31145 Coordination of Governmental activities and paperwork
            • 31146 Relationship to other laws
            • 31147 Limitations on authority
            • 31148 Certified motor carrier safety auditors
            • 31149 Medical program
            • 31150 Safety performance history screening
            • 31151 Roadability
            • 31161 International cooperation
          • Subchapter II Length and Width Limitations
            • 31111 Length limitations
            • 31112 Property-carrying unit limitation
            • 31113 Width limitations
            • 31114 Access to the Interstate System
            • 31115 Enforcement
        • Chapter 313 Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators
          • 31301 Definitions
          • 31302 Commercial driver's license requirement
          • 31303 Notification requirements
          • 31304 Employer responsibilities
          • 31305 General driver fitness and testing
          • 31306 Alcohol and controlled substances testing
          • 31307 Minimum training requirements for operators of longer combination vehicles
          • 31308 Commercial driver's license
          • 31309 Commercial driver's license information system
          • 31310 Disqualifications
          • 31311 Requirements for State participation
          • 31312 Decertification authority
          • 31313 Grants for commercial driver's license program improvements
          • 31314 Withholding amounts for State noncompliance
          • 31315 Waivers, exemptions, and pilot programs
          • 31316 Limitation on statutory construction
          • 31317 Procedure for prescribing regulations
        • Chapter 315 Motor Carrier Safety
          • 31501 Definitions
          • 31502 Requirements for qualifications, hours of service, safety, and equipment standards
          • 31503 Research, investigation, and testing
          • 31504 Identification of motor vehicles
        • Chapter 317 Participation in International Registration Plan and International Fuel Tax Agreement
          • 31701 Definitions
          • 31704 Vehicle registration
          • 31705 Fuel use tax
          • 31706 Enforcement
          • 31707 Limitations on statutory construction
• Code of Virginia
  • Title 8.01 Civil Remedies and Procedure
    • Chapter 1 General Provisions as to Civil Cases
      • 8.01-1 How proceedings may be in actions pending when title takes effect
      • 8.01-1.1 References to former sections, articles and chapters of Title 8 and other titles
      • 8.01-2 General definitions for this title
      • 8.01-3 Supreme Court may prescribe rules; effective date and availability; indexed, and annotated; effect of subsequent enactments of General Assembly
      • 8.01-4 District courts and circuit courts may prescribe certain rules
      • 8.01-4.1 How jurisdiction determined when proceeding is on penal bond
      • 8.01-4.2 Who may execute bond for obtaining writ or order
      • 8.01-4.3 Unsworn declarations under penalty of perjury; penalty
    • Chapter 2 Parties
      • Article 1 General Provisions
        • 8.01-5 Effect of nonjoinder or misjoinder; limitation on joinder of insurance company
        • 8.01-6 Amending pleading; relation back to original pleading
        • 8.01-6.1 Amendment of pleading changing or adding a claim or defense; relation back
        • 8.01-6.2 Amendment of pleading; relation back to original pleading; confusion in trade name
        • 8.01-6.3 Actions or suits against fiduciaries; style of the case; amendment of pleading
        • 8.01-7 When court may add new parties to suit
      • Article 2 Special Provisions
        • 8.01-8 How minors may sue
        • 8.01-9 Guardian ad litem for persons under disability; when guardian ad litem need not be appointed for person under disability
        • 8.01-10 Joinder of tenants in common
        • 8.01-11 Proceedings on writing binding deceased person
        • 8.01-12 Suit by beneficial owner when legal title in another
        • 8.01-13 Assignee or beneficial owner may sue in own name; certain discounts allowed
        • 8.01-14 Suit against assignor
        • 8.01-15 Suits by and against unincorporated associations or orders
        • 8.01-15.1 Anonymous plaintiff; motion for identification; factors to be considered by court
        • 8.01-15.2 Servicemembers Civil Relief Act; default judgment
      • Article 3 Death or Change of Parties
        • 8.01-16 New parties may have continuance
        • 8.01-17 When party whose powers cease is defendant
        • 8.01-18 When suit discontinued unless revived
        • 8.01-19 Effect of marriage or change of name of party
        • 8.01-20 Effect of marriage, change of name or death on appeal
        • 8.01-20.1 Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process
        • 8.01-21 Judgment when death or disability occurs after verdict but before judgment
        • 8.01-22 When death or disability occurs as to any of several plaintiffs or defendants
        • 8.01-23 Decree in suit when number of parties exceeds 30 and one of them dies
      • Article 4 Writ of Scire Facias Abolished
        • 8.01-24 Writ of scire facias abolished; substitutes therefor
    • Chapter 3 Actions
      • Article 1 Survival and Assignment of Causes of Action
        • 8.01-25 Survival of causes of action
        • 8.01-26 Assignment of causes of action
      • Article 10 Sale, Lease, or Exchange of Certain Estates in Property
        • 8.01-94 When sold, leased or exchanged
        • 8.01-95 Procedure in such case
      • Article 11 General Provisions for Judicial Sales
        • 8.01-96 Decree for sale; how made; bond of commissioner
        • 8.01-97 Delinquent taxes to be ascertained
        • 8.01-98 Sales of land when purchase price insufficient to pay taxes, etc
        • 8.01-99 Bond required of special commissioner for sale
        • 8.01-100 Liability of clerk for false certificate or failure to give bond
        • 8.01-101 Purchasers relieved of liability for purchase money paid to such commissioner
        • 8.01-102 Purchasers not required to see to application of purchase money
        • 8.01-103 Special commissioner or other person appointed to do so to receive purchase money, etc.; liability of clerk for failure to give notice of appointment
        • 8.01-105 Rule against special commissioner, purchaser, etc., for judgment for amounts due
        • 8.01-106 How cause heard upon rule and judgment rendered
        • 8.01-107 Trial by jury of issues made upon rule
        • 8.01-108 When sureties of commissioner, purchaser, etc., proceeded against by rule
        • 8.01-109 Commission for selling, collecting, etc.; each piece of property to constitute separate sale
        • 8.01-110 Appointment of special commissioner to execute deed, etc.; effect of deed
        • 8.01-111 What such deed to show
        • 8.01-112 Reinstatement of cause to appoint special commissioner to make deed
        • 8.01-113 When title of purchaser at judicial sale not to be disturbed
      • Article 12 Detinue
        • 8.01-114 When property to be taken by officer; summary of evidence, affidavits and report to be filed
        • 8.01-115 Bond required as prerequisite
        • 8.01-116 Return of property to defendant or other claimant
        • 8.01-117 Exceptions to sufficiency of bonds
        • 8.01-119 Hearing to review issuance of order or process under 8.01-114 or to consider request for such order or process
        • 8.01-120 No verdict as to some items; omission of price or value
        • 8.01-121 Final judgment
        • 8.01-122 Charges for keeping property
        • 8.01-123 Recovery of damages sustained for property withheld during appeal
      • Article 13 Unlawful Entry and Detainer
        • 8.01-124 Motion for judgment in circuit court for unlawful entry or detainer
        • 8.01-125 When summons returnable to circuit court; jury
        • 8.01-126 Summons for unlawful detainer issued by magistrate or clerk or judge of a general district court
        • 8.01-128 Verdict and judgment; damages
        • 8.01-129 Appeal from judgment of general district court
        • 8.01-130 Judgment not to bar action of trespass or ejectment
      • Article 14 Ejectment
        • 8.01-131 Action of ejectment retained; when and by whom brought
        • 8.01-132 What interest and right plaintiff must have
        • 8.01-133 Who shall be defendants; when and how landlord may defend
        • 8.01-134 How action commenced and prosecuted
        • 8.01-135 What is to be stated in motion for judgment
        • 8.01-136 How premises described
        • 8.01-137 Plaintiff to state how he claims
        • 8.01-138 There may be several counts and several plaintiffs
        • 8.01-139 What proof by plaintiff is sufficient
        • 8.01-140 Effect of reservation in deed; burden of proof
        • 8.01-141 When action by cotenants, etc., against cotenants, what plaintiff to prove
        • 8.01-142 Verdict when action against several defendants
        • 8.01-143 When there may be several judgments against defendants
        • 8.01-144 Recovery of part of premises claimed
        • 8.01-145 When possession of part not possession of whole
        • 8.01-146 When vendee, etc., entitled to conveyance of legal title, vendor cannot recover
        • 8.01-147 When mortgagee or trustee not to recover
        • 8.01-148 Right of defendant to resort to equity not affected
        • 8.01-149 Verdict when jury finds for plaintiffs or any of them
        • 8.01-150 Verdict when any plaintiff has no right
        • 8.01-151 How verdict to specify premises recovered
        • 8.01-152 How verdict to specify undivided interest or share
        • 8.01-153 Verdict to specify estate of plaintiff
        • 8.01-154 When right of plaintiff expires before trial, what judgment entered
        • 8.01-155 How judgment for plaintiff entered
        • 8.01-156 Authority of sheriffs, etc., to store and sell personal property removed from premises; recovery of possession by owner; disposition or sale
        • 8.01-158 How claim of plaintiff for profits and damages assessed
        • 8.01-159 When court to assess damages
        • 8.01-160 Defendant to give notice of claim for improvements
        • 8.01-161 How allowed
        • 8.01-162 Postponement of assessment and allowance
        • 8.01-163 Judgment to be conclusive
        • 8.01-164 Recovery of mesne profits, etc., not affected
        • 8.01-165 Writ of right, etc., abolished
      • Article 15 Improvements
        • 8.01-166 How defendant may apply therefor, and have judgment suspended
        • 8.01-167 How damages of plaintiff assessed
        • 8.01-168 For what time
        • 8.01-169 How value of improvements determined in favor of defendant
        • 8.01-170 If allowance for improvements exceed damages, what to be done
        • 8.01-171 Verdict for balance, after offsetting damages against improvements
        • 8.01-172 Balance for defendant a lien on the land
        • 8.01-173 How tenant for life, paying for improvements, reimbursed
        • 8.01-174 Exception as to mortgagees and trustees
        • 8.01-175 When plaintiff may require his estate only to be valued; how determined; how he may elect to relinquish his title to defendant
        • 8.01-176 How payment of such value to be made by defendant; when land sold therefor
        • 8.01-177 When such value to be deemed real estate
        • 8.01-178 When and how defendant, if evicted, may recover from plaintiff amount paid
      • Article 16 Establishing Boundaries to Land
        • 8.01-179 Motion for judgment to establish boundary lines
        • 8.01-180 Parties defendant; pleadings
        • 8.01-181 Surveys
        • 8.01-182 Claims to rents, etc., not considered
        • 8.01-183 Recordation and effect of judgment
      • Article 17 Declaratory Judgments
        • 8.01-184 Power to issue declaratory judgments
        • 8.01-184.1 Declaratory judgment to adjudicate constitutional nexus
        • 8.01-185 Venue
        • 8.01-186 Further relief
        • 8.01-187 Commissioners or condemnation jurors to determine compensation for property taken or damaged
        • 8.01-188 Jury trial
        • 8.01-189 Injunction
        • 8.01-190 Costs
        • 8.01-191 Construction of article
      • Article 18 Recovery of Claims Against the Commonwealth of Virginia
        • 8.01-192 How claims to be prosecuted
        • 8.01-193 Defense and hearing
        • 8.01-194 Jury may be impaneled; judgment
        • 8.01-195 No judgment to be paid without special appropriation
      • Article 18.1 Tort Claims Against the Commonwealth of Virginia
        • 8.01-195.1 Short title
        • 8.01-195.2 Definitions
        • 8.01-195.3 Commonwealth, transportation district or locality liable for damages in certain cases
        • 8.01-195.4 Jurisdiction of claims under this article; right to jury trial; service on Commonwealth or locality
        • 8.01-195.5 Settlement of certain cases
        • 8.01-195.6 Notice of claim
        • 8.01-195.7 Statute of limitations
        • 8.01-195.8 Release of further claims
        • 8.01-195.9 Claims evaluation program
      • Article 18.2 Compensation for Wrongful Incarceration for a Felony Conviction
        • 8.01-195.10 Purpose; action by the General Assembly required; definitions
        • 8.01-195.11 Compensation for wrongful incarceration
        • 8.01-195.12 Conditions for continued compensation
      • Article 19 Actions by the Commonwealth
        • 8.01-196 Comptroller to institute proceedings
        • 8.01-197 In what name; when not to abate
        • 8.01-198 Action, against whom instituted
        • 8.01-199 Judgment, nature of
        • 8.01-200 Mistakes against State corrected
        • 8.01-201 Execution; real estate to be sold
        • 8.01-202 Execution, to whom issued
        • 8.01-203 Goods and chattels liable before real estate
        • 8.01-204 Notice of sale of real estate; when sale to be made
        • 8.01-205 How sale made
        • 8.01-206 Terms of sale
        • 8.01-207 Who to collect purchase money and make deed; disposition of proceeds of sale
        • 8.01-208 When successor of officer to make deed
        • 8.01-209 Bond for purchase money to have force of judgment
        • 8.01-210 Judgment against deceased obligors
        • 8.01-211 When venditioni exponas issued to sheriff of adjacent county; what to contain
        • 8.01-212 Officer to deliver to sheriff goods and chattels levied on
        • 8.01-213 Where same to be sold
        • 8.01-214 Where real estate to be sold
        • 8.01-215 Return of officer when sale not made because of prior encumbrance
        • 8.01-216 Comptroller's power to adjust old claims
      • Article 19.1 Virginia Fraud Against Taxpayers Act
        • 8.01-216.1 Citation
        • 8.01-216.2 Definitions
        • 8.01-216.3 False claims; civil penalty
        • 8.01-216.4 Attorney General; investigation, civil action
        • 8.01-216.5 Civil actions filed by private persons; Commonwealth may intervene
        • 8.01-216.6 Rights of private plaintiff and Commonwealth
        • 8.01-216.7 Award to private plaintiff
        • 8.01-216.8 Certain actions barred; relief from employment discrimination; waiver of sovereign immunity
        • 8.01-216.9 Procedure; statute of limitations
        • 8.01-216.10 Civil investigative demands; issuance; sharing information
        • 8.01-216.11 Civil investigative demands; contents and deadlines
        • 8.01-216.12 Civil investigative demands; protected material or information
        • 8.01-216.13 Civil investigative demands; service and jurisdiction
        • 8.01-216.14 Civil investigative demands; documentary material
        • 8.01-216.15 Civil investigative demands; interrogatories
        • 8.01-216.16 Civil investigative demands; oral examinations
        • 8.01-216.17 Civil investigative demands; custodian of documents; answers
        • 8.01-216.18 Civil investigative demands; judicial proceedings for noncompliance
        • 8.01-216.19 Application of the Rules of the Supreme Court
      • Article 2 Actions on Contracts Generally
        • 8.01-27 Civil action on note or writing promising to pay money
        • 8.01-27.1 Additional recovery in certain civil actions concerning checks
        • 8.01-27.2 Civil recovery for giving bad check
        • 8.01-27.3 Evidence in actions regarding issuance of bad check
        • 8.01-27.4 Civil recovery for professional services
        • 8.01-28 When judgment to be given in action upon contract or note unless defendant appears and denies claim under oath
        • 8.01-29 Procedure in actions on annuity and installment bonds, and other actions for penalties for nonperformance
        • 8.01-30 Procedure in actions on contracts made by several persons
        • 8.01-31 Accounting in equity
        • 8.01-32 Action on lost evidences of debt
        • 8.01-33 Equitable relief in certain cases
      • Article 20 Change of Name
        • 8.01-217 How name of person may be changed
      • Article 21 Miscellaneous Provisions
        • 8.01-218 Replevin abolished
        • 8.01-219 Effect of judgment in trover
        • 8.01-220 Action for alienation of affection, breach of promise, criminal conversation and seduction abolished
        • 8.01-220.1 Defense of interspousal immunity abolished as to certain causes of action arising on or after July 1, 1981
        • 8.01-220.1:1 Civil immunity for officers, partners, members, managers, trustees and directors of certain tax exempt organizations
        • 8.01-220.1:2 Civil immunity for teachers under certain circumstances
        • 8.01-220.1:3 Immunity for members of church, synagogue or religious body
        • 8.01-220.1:4 Civil immunity for officers and directors of certain nonprofit organizations
        • 8.01-220.2 Spousal liability for medical care
        • 8.01-221 Damages from violation of statute, remedy therefor and penalty
        • 8.01-221.1 Unestablished business damages; lost profits
        • 8.01-223 Lack of privity no defense in certain cases
        • 8.01-223.1 Use of constitutional rights
        • 8.01-223.2 Immunity of persons at public hearing
        • 8.01-224 Defense of governmental immunity not available to certain persons in actions for damages from blasting, etc
        • 8.01-225 Persons rendering emergency care, obstetrical services exempt from liability
        • 8.01-225.01 Certain immunity for health care providers during disasters under specific circumstances
        • 8.01-225.02 Certain liability protection for health care providers during disasters
        • 8.01-225.1 Immunity for team physicians
        • 8.01-225.2 Immunity for those rendering emergency care to animals
        • 8.01-226 Duty of care to law-enforcement officers and firefighters, etc
        • 8.01-226.1 Civil immunity when participating in Lawyers Helping Lawyers
        • 8.01-226.2 Civil immunity for licensed professional engineers and licensed architects participating in rescue or relief assistance
        • 8.01-226.3 Civil immunity for officers, directors and members of certain crime information-gathering organizations
        • 8.01-226.4 Civil immunity for hospice volunteers
        • 8.01-226.5 Immunity for installers and inspectors of child restraint devices
        • 8.01-226.5:1 Civil immunity for school board employees supervising self-administration of certain medication
        • 8.01-226.5:2 Immunity of hospital or rescue squad personnel for the acceptance of certain infants
        • 8.01-226.7 Owner and agent compliance with residential lead-based paint notification; maintenance immunity
        • 8.01-226.8 Civil immunity for public officials and private volunteers participating in certain programs for probationers
        • 8.01-226.9 Exemption from civil liability in connection with arrest or detention of person suspected of shoplifting
        • 8.01-226.10 Civil immunity for causing the arrest of a person for a bad check
        • 8.01-226.11 Civil immunity for operation of victim notification program
        • 8.01-226.12 Duty of landlord and managing agent with respect to visible mold
        • 8.01-227 Remedy by motion on certain bonds given or taken by officers; notice
      • Article 23 Drug Dealer Liability Act
        • 8.01-227.4 Definitions
        • 8.01-227.5 Persons who may bring action; persons against whom actions may be brought; damages recoverable
        • 8.01-227.6 Law-enforcement officer or agency; health care provider not liable under certain conditions
        • 8.01-227.7 Statute of limitations
      • Article 24 Space Flight Liability and Immunity Act
        • 8.01-227.8 Definitions
        • 8.01-227.9 Civil immunity for space flight entities
        • 8.01-227.10 Warning required
      • Article 3 Injury to Person or Property
        • 8.01-34 When contribution among wrongdoers enforced
        • 8.01-35 Damages for loss of income not diminished by reimbursement
        • 8.01-35.1 Effect of release or covenant not to sue in respect to liability and contribution
        • 8.01-36 Joinder of action of tort to infant with action for recovery of expenses incurred thereby
        • 8.01-37 Recovery of lost wages in action for injuries to emancipated infant
        • 8.01-37.1 Claims for medical services provided by United States; proof of reasonable value
        • 8.01-38 Tort liability of hospitals
        • 8.01-38.1 Limitation on recovery of punitive damages
        • 8.01-39 Completion or acceptance of work not bar to action against independent contractor for personal injury, wrongful death or damage to property
        • 8.01-40 Unauthorized use of name or picture of any person; exemplary damages; statute of limitations
        • 8.01-40.1 Action for injury resulting from violation of Computer Crimes Act; limitations
        • 8.01-40.2 Unsolicited transmission of advertising materials by facsimile machine
        • 8.01-41 Wrongful distraint, attachment
        • 8.01-42 Loss or injury to clothing in dyeing, dry cleaning, or laundering
        • 8.01-42.1 Civil action for racial, religious, or ethnic harassment, violence or vandalism
        • 8.01-42.2 Liability of guest for hotel damage
        • 8.01-42.3 Civil action for stalking
        • 8.01-43 Action against parent for damage to public property by minor
        • 8.01-44 Action against parent for damage to private property by minor
        • 8.01-44.1 Immunity from civil liability of members of certain committees, etc
        • 8.01-44.2 Action against physician for vaccine-related injury or death
        • 8.01-44.3 Divulgence of communications by qualified interpreters and communications assistants
        • 8.01-44.4 Action for shoplifting and employee theft
        • 8.01-44.5 Exemplary damages for persons injured by intoxicated drivers
        • 8.01-44.6 Action for injury to cemetery property
        • 8.01-44.7 Action for tampering with metering device and diverting service
      • Article 4 Defamation
        • 8.01-45 Action for insulting words
        • 8.01-46 Justification and mitigation of damages
        • 8.01-46.1 Disclosure of employment-related information; presumptions; causes of action; definitions
        • 8.01-47 Immunity of school personnel investigating or reporting certain incidents
        • 8.01-48 Mitigation in actions against newspapers, etc
        • 8.01-49 Defamatory statements in radio and television broadcasts
        • 8.01-49.1 Liability for defamatory material on the Internet
      • Article 5 Death by Wrongful Act
        • 8.01-50 Action for death by wrongful act; how and when to be brought
        • 8.01-50.1 Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process
        • 8.01-51 No action when deceased has compromised claim
        • 8.01-52 Amount of damages
        • 8.01-52.1 Admissibility of expressions of sympathy
        • 8.01-53 Class and beneficiaries; when determined
        • 8.01-54 Judgment to distribute recovery when verdict fails to do so
        • 8.01-55 Compromise of claim for death by wrongful act
        • 8.01-56 When right of action not to determine nor action to abate
      • Article 6 Injuries to Railroad Employees
        • 8.01-57 Liability of railroads for injury to certain employees
        • 8.01-58 Contributory negligence no bar to recovery; violation of safety appliance acts
        • 8.01-59 Assumption of risk; violation of safety appliance acts
        • 8.01-60 Contracts exempting from liability void; set-off of insurance
        • 8.01-61 Definition of common carrier as used in article
        • 8.01-62 Action may embrace liability under both State and federal acts
      • Article 7 Motor Vehicle Accidents
        • 8.01-63 Liability for death or injury to guest in motor vehicle
        • 8.01-64 Liability for negligence of minor
        • 8.01-65 Defense of lack of consent of owner
        • 8.01-66 Recovery of damages for loss of use of vehicle
        • 8.01-66.1 Remedy for arbitrary refusal of motor vehicle insurance claim
      • Article 7.1 Lien for Hospital, Medical and Nursing Services
        • 8.01-66.2 Lien against person whose negligence causes injury
        • 8.01-66.3 Lien inferior to claim of attorney or personal representative
        • 8.01-66.4 Subrogation
        • 8.01-66.5 Written notice required
        • 8.01-66.6 Liability for reasonable charges for services
        • 8.01-66.7 Hearing and disposal of claim of unreasonableness
        • 8.01-66.8 Petition to enforce lien
        • 8.01-66.9 Lien in favor of Commonwealth, its programs, institutions or departments on claim for personal injuries
        • 8.01-66.9:1 Lien against recovery for medical treatment provided to prisoner
        • 8.01-66.10 Death claims settled by compromise or suit
        • 8.01-66.11 Necessity for settlement or judgment
        • 8.01-66.12 Term physician to include chiropractor
      • Article 8 Actions for the Sale, Lease, Exchange, Redemption and Other Disposition of Lands of Persons Under a Disability
        • 8.01-67 Definitions; persons under a disability; fiduciary
        • 8.01-68 Jurisdiction
        • 8.01-69 Commencement of suit; parties
        • 8.01-72 When death to abate such suit
        • 8.01-73 Guardian ad litem to be appointed
        • 8.01-74 Leases on behalf of persons under disability; new leases
        • 8.01-75 Who not to be purchaser
        • 8.01-76 How proceeds from disposition to be secured and applied; when same may be paid over
        • 8.01-77 What proceeds of sale to pass as real estate
        • 8.01-78 Alternate procedure for sale of real estate of person under disability
        • 8.01-79 Same; reference of petition to commissioner
        • 8.01-80 Same; action of court on report; application of proceeds of transaction
      • Article 9 Partition
        • 8.01-81 Who may compel partition of land; jurisdiction; validation of certain partitions of mineral rights
        • 8.01-82 When shares of two or more laid off together
        • 8.01-83 Allotment to one or more parties, or sale, in lieu of partition
        • 8.01-84 Application of proceeds of sale to payment of lien
        • 8.01-85 Disposition of share in proceeds of person under disability
        • 8.01-87 Validation of certain partitions prior to act of 1922
        • 8.01-88 Decree of partition to vest legal title
        • 8.01-89 When proceeds of sale deemed personal estate
        • 8.01-90 When name or share of parties unknown
        • 8.01-91 Effect of partition or sale on lessee's rights
        • 8.01-92 Allowance of attorneys' fees out of unrepresented shares
        • 8.01-93 Partition of goods, etc., by sale, if necessary
    • Chapter 4 Limitations of Actions
      • Article 1 In General
        • 8.01-228 Scope of limitations; personal action defined
        • 8.01-229 Suspension or tolling of statute of limitations; effect of disabilities; death; injunction; prevention of service by defendant; dismissal, nonsuit or abatement; devise for payment of debts; new promises; debts proved in creditors' suits
        • 8.01-230 Accrual of right of action
        • 8.01-231 Commonwealth not within statute of limitations
        • 8.01-232 Effect of promises not to plead statute
        • 8.01-233 When action deemed brought on counterclaim or cross-claim; when statute of limitations tolled; defendant's consent required for dismissal
        • 8.01-234 Repeal of limitation not to remove bar of statute
        • 8.01-235 Bar of expiration of limitation period raised only as affirmative defense in responsive pleading
      • Article 2 Limitations on Recovery of Realty and Enforcement of Certain Liens Relating to Realty
        • 8.01-236 Limitation of entry on or action for land
        • 8.01-237 Effect of disabilities upon right of entry on, or action for, land
        • 8.01-238 To repeal grant
        • 8.01-239 Ground rents
        • 8.01-240 Liens for water, sewer, or sidewalk assessments
        • 8.01-241 Limitation of enforcement of deeds of trust, mortgages and liens for unpaid purchase money
        • 8.01-241.1 Permissible form for certificate
        • 8.01-242 Same; when no maturity date is given; credit line deeds of trust
      • Article 3 Personal Actions Generally
        • 8.01-243 Personal action for injury to person or property generally; extension in actions for malpractice against health care provider
        • 8.01-243.1 Actions for medical malpractice; minors
        • 8.01-243.2 Limitations of actions by confined persons; exhaustion
        • 8.01-244 Actions for wrongful death; limitation
        • 8.01-245 Limitation on actions upon the bond of any fiduciaries or as to suits against fiduciaries themselves; accrual of cause of action where execution sustained
        • 8.01-246 Personal actions based on contracts
        • 8.01-247 When action on contract governed by the law of another state or country barred in Virginia
        • 8.01-247.1 Limitation on action for defamation, etc
        • 8.01-248 Personal actions for which no other limitation is specified
        • 8.01-249 When cause of action shall be deemed to accrue in certain personal actions
        • 8.01-250 Limitation on certain actions for damages arising out of defective or unsafe condition of improvements to real property
        • 8.01-250.1 Limitation on actions involving removal of asbestos
      • Article 4 Limitations on Enforcement of Judgments and Decrees
        • 8.01-251 Limitations on enforcement of judgments
      • Article 5 Miscellaneous Limitations Provisions
        • 8.01-253 Limitation of suits to avoid voluntary conveyances, etc
        • 8.01-254 Limitation on enforcement of bequests and legacies
        • 8.01-255 Time for presenting claim against Commonwealth
        • 8.01-255.1 Limitation of action for breach of condition subsequent or termination of determinable fee simple estate
        • 8.01-255.2 Limitation on motion for new execution after loss of property sold under indemnity bond
        • 8.01-256 As to rights and remedies existing when this chapter takes effect
    • Chapter 5 Venue
      • 8.01-257 Venue generally
      • 8.01-258 Venue not jurisdictional
      • 8.01-259 Application
      • 8.01-260 Proper venue; preferred forum in certain actions; permissible forums for other actions
      • 8.01-261 Category A or preferred venue
      • 8.01-262 Category B or permissible venue
      • 8.01-262.1 Place for bringing action under a contract related to construction
      • 8.01-263 Multiple parties
      • 8.01-264 Venue improperly laid; objection
      • 8.01-265 Change of venue by court
      • 8.01-266 Costs
      • 8.01-267 Discretion of judge
    • Chapter 5.1 Multiple Claimant Litigation Act
      • 8.01-267.1 Standards governing consolidation, etc., and transfer
      • 8.01-267.2 When actions pending in same court
      • 8.01-267.3 Consolidation and other combined proceedings
      • 8.01-267.4 Transfer
      • 8.01-267.5 Joinder and severance
      • 8.01-267.6 Separate trials; special interrogatories
      • 8.01-267.7 Later-filed actions
      • 8.01-267.8 Interlocutory appeal
      • 8.01-267.9 Effect on other law
    • Chapter 6 Notice of Lis Pendens or Attachment
      • 8.01-268 When and how docketed and indexed
      • 8.01-269 Dismissal or satisfaction of same
    • Chapter 7 Civil Actions; Commencement, Pleadings, and Motions
      • Article 2 Pleadings Generally
        • 8.01-271 Compliance with Rules of Supreme Court
        • 8.01-271.01 Electronic filings in civil actions in circuit court
        • 8.01-271.1 Signing of pleadings, motions, and other papers; oral motions; sanctions
        • 8.01-272 Pleading several matters; joining tort and contract claims; separate trial in discretion of court; counterclaims
        • 8.01-273 Demurrer; form; grounds to be stated; amendment
        • 8.01-273.1 Motion for judgment; motion to refer; Virginia Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Act
        • 8.01-274 Motion to strike defensive pleading in equity and at law; exceptions abolished
        • 8.01-275 When action or suit not to abate for want of form; what defects not to be regarded
        • 8.01-275.1 When service of process is timely
        • 8.01-276 Demurrer to evidence and plea in abatement abolished; motion to strike evidence and written motion, respectively, to be used in lieu thereof
        • 8.01-277 Defective process; motion to quash; untimely service; motion to dismiss
        • 8.01-277.1 Objections to personal jurisdiction or defective process; what constitutes waiver
        • 8.01-278 When plea of infancy not allowed; liability of infants for debts as traders; liability of infants on loans to defray expenses of education
        • 8.01-279 When proof is unnecessary unless affidavit filed; handwriting; ownership; partnership or incorporation
        • 8.01-280 Pleadings may be sworn to before clerk; affidavit of belief sufficient
        • 8.01-281 Pleading in alternative; separate trial on motion of party
      • Article 3 Particular Equity Provisions
        • 8.01-282 Motion to strike evidence
        • 8.01-283 Answer in equity proceeding
    • Chapter 8 Process
      • Article 1 In General
        • 8.01-285 Definition of certain terms for purposes of this chapter; process, return, statutory agent
        • 8.01-286 Forms of writs
        • 8.01-286.1 Service of process; waiver, duty to save costs, request to waive, how served
        • 8.01-287 How process to be served
        • 8.01-288 Process received in time good though neither served nor accepted
        • 8.01-289 No service of process on Sunday; exceptions
      • Article 2 How Process is Issued
        • 8.01-290 Plaintiffs required to furnish full name and last known address of defendants, etc
        • 8.01-291 Copies to be made
        • 8.01-292 To whom process directed and where executed
      • Article 3 Who and Where to Serve Process
        • 8.01-293 Authorization to serve process, capias or show cause order; execute writ of possession and levy upon property
        • 8.01-294 Sheriff to get from clerk's office process and other papers; return of papers; effect of late return
        • 8.01-295 Territorial limits within which sheriff may serve process in his official capacity; process appearing to be duly served
      • Article 4 Who to Be Served
        • 8.01-296 Manner of serving process upon natural persons
        • 8.01-297 Process on convict defendant
        • 8.01-298 How summons for witness or juror served
        • 8.01-299 How process served on domestic corporations generally
        • 8.01-300 How process served on municipal and county governments and on quasi-governmental entities
        • 8.01-301 How process served on foreign corporations generally
        • 8.01-303 On whom process served when corporation operated by trustee or receiver
        • 8.01-304 How process served on copartner or partnership
        • 8.01-305 Process against unincorporated associations or orders, or unincorporated common carriers
        • 8.01-306 Process against unincorporated associations or orders, or unincorporated common carriers; principal office outside Virginia and business transactions in Virginia
        • 8.01-307 Definition of terms motor vehicle and nonresident in motor vehicle and aircraft accident cases
        • 8.01-308 Service on Commissioner of the Department of Motor Vehicles as agent for nonresident motor vehicle operator
        • 8.01-309 Service on Secretary of Commonwealth as agent of nonresident operator or owner of aircraft
        • 8.01-310 How service made on Commissioner and Secretary; appointment binding
        • 8.01-311 Continuance of action where service made on Commissioner or Secretary
        • 8.01-312 Effect of service on statutory agent; duties of such agent
        • 8.01-313 Specific addresses for mailing by statutory agent
        • 8.01-314 Service on attorney after entry of general appearance by such attorney
        • 8.01-315 Notice to be mailed defendant when service accepted by another
        • 8.01-316 Service by publication; when available
        • 8.01-317 What order of publication to state; how published; when publication in newspaper dispensed with
        • 8.01-318 Within what time after publication case tried or heard; no subsequent publication required
        • 8.01-319 Publication of interim notice
        • 8.01-320 Personal service outside of Virginia
        • 8.01-321 Orders of publication in proceedings to enforce liens for taxes assessed upon real estate
        • 8.01-322 Within what time case reheard on petition of party served by publication, and any injustice corrected
        • 8.01-323 In what counties city newspapers deemed published for purpose of legal advertisements
        • 8.01-324 Newspapers which may be used for legal notices and publications
        • 8.01-325 Return by person serving process
        • 8.01-326 Return as proof of service
        • 8.01-326.1 Service of process or notice on statutory agent; copy to be sent to defendant and certificate filed with court; effective date of service
        • 8.01-327 Acceptance of service of process
      • Article 5 Privilege from Civil Arrest
        • 8.01-327.1 Definition of arrest under civil process
        • 8.01-327.2 Who are privileged from arrest under civil process
    • Chapter 9 Personal Jurisdiction in Certain Actions
      • 8.01-328 Person defined
      • 8.01-328.1 When personal jurisdiction over person may be exercised
      • 8.01-329 Service of process or notice; service on Secretary of Commonwealth
      • 8.01-330 Jurisdiction on any other basis authorized
    • Chapter 10 Dockets
      • 8.01-331 Entry of cases on current dockets
      • 8.01-332 Calling current docket
      • 8.01-335 Certain cases struck from dockets after certain period; reinstatement
    • Chapter 11 Juries
      • Article 1 When Jury Trial May Be Had
        • 8.01-336 Jury trial of right; waiver of jury trial; court-ordered jury trial; trial by jury of plea in equity; equitable claim
      • Article 2 Jurors
        • 8.01-337 Who liable to serve as jurors
        • 8.01-338 Who disqualified
        • 8.01-339 No person eligible for whom request is made
        • 8.01-340 No person to serve who has case at that term
        • 8.01-341 Who are exempt from jury service
        • 8.01-341.1 Exemptions from jury service upon request
        • 8.01-341.2 Deferral or limitation of jury service for particular occupational inconvenience
        • 8.01-342 Restrictions on amount of jury service permitted
      • Article 3 Selection of Jurors
        • 8.01-343 Appointment of jury commissioners
        • 8.01-344 Notification of jury commissioners; their oath
        • 8.01-345 Lists of qualified persons to be prepared by jury commissioners; random selection process
        • 8.01-346 Lists to be delivered to clerk and safely kept by him; addition and removal of names
        • 8.01-347 How names put in jury box
        • 8.01-348 How names of jurors drawn from box
        • 8.01-349 Notations on ballots drawn; return to box; when such ballots may be drawn again
        • 8.01-350.1 Selection of jurors by mechanical or electronic techniques for the term of court
        • 8.01-351 Preparation and disposition of list of jurors drawn
        • 8.01-352 Objections to irregularities in jury lists or for legal disability; effect thereof
      • Article 4 Jury Service
        • 8.01-353 Notice to jurors; making copy of jury panel available to counsel; objection to notice
        • 8.01-353.1 Jurors to provide identification
        • 8.01-354 Writ of venire facias defined
        • 8.01-355 Jurors on list to be used for trial of cases during term; discharge or dispensing with attendance of jurors; drawing additional jurors
        • 8.01-356 Failure of juror to appear
        • 8.01-357 Selection of jury panel
        • 8.01-358 Voir dire examination of persons called as jurors
        • 8.01-359 Trial; numbers of jurors in civil cases; how jurors selected from panel
        • 8.01-360 Additional jurors when trial likely to be protracted
        • 8.01-361 New juror may be sworn in place of one disabled; when court may discharge jury
        • 8.01-362 Special juries
        • 8.01-363 When impartial jury cannot be obtained locally
    • Chapter 12 Interpleader; Claims of Third Parties to Property Distrained or Levied on, Etc
      • Article 1 Interpleader
        • 8.01-364 Interpleader
      • Article 2 Claims of Third Parties to Property Distrained or Levied on
        • 8.01-365 How claim of third party tried
        • 8.01-366 Sale of property when no forthcoming bond is given
        • 8.01-367 Indemnifying bond to officer
        • 8.01-368 Return of such bond to clerk's office
        • 8.01-369 Effect of such bond
        • 8.01-370 Claimant may give suspending bond; proceedings to have title settled; action on indemnifying or suspending bond
        • 8.01-371 How forthcoming bond taken of claimant of property the sale whereof has been suspended
        • 8.01-372 Sale despite bond when property perishable, etc
        • 8.01-373 When property sells for more than claim, how surplus paid
    • Chapter 13 Certain Incidents of Trial
      • 8.01-374 Procedure when original papers in cause are lost
      • 8.01-374.1 Consolidation or bifurcation of issues or claims in certain cases; appeal
      • 8.01-375 Exclusion of witnesses in civil cases
      • 8.01-376 Views by juries
      • 8.01-377 Remedy when variance appears between evidence and allegations
      • 8.01-377.1 Summary judgment
      • 8.01-378 Trial judge not to direct verdicts
      • 8.01-379 Argument before jury
      • 8.01-379.1 Informing jury of amounts sued for
      • 8.01-379.2 Jury instructions
      • 8.01-379.3 General verdict accompanied by answer to interrogatories
      • 8.01-380 Dismissal of action by nonsuit; fees and costs
      • 8.01-381 What jury may carry out
      • 8.01-382 Verdict, judgment or decree to fix period at which interest begins; final order; judgment or decree for interest
      • 8.01-383 Power to grant new trial; how often
      • 8.01-383.1 Appeal when verdict reduced and accepted under protest; new trial for inadequate damages
      • 8.01-384 Formal exceptions to rulings or orders of court unnecessary; motion for new trial unnecessary in certain cases
      • 8.01-384.1 Interpreters for deaf in civil proceedings
      • 8.01-384.1:1 Interpreters for non-English-speaking persons in civil cases
      • 8.01-384.2 Waiver of discovery time limitations by parties
    • Chapter 14 Evidence
      • Article 1 Judicial Notice
        • 8.01-387. Notice by courts and officers of signatures of judges and Governor
        • 8.01-388. Judicial notice of official publications
      • Article 2 Laws, Public Records, and Copies of Original Records as Evidence
        • 8.01-389. Judicial records as evidence; full faith and credit; recitals in deeds, deeds of trust, and mortgages; ''records'' defined
        • 8.01-390.1. School records as evidence
        • 8.01-390.2. Reports by Chief Medical Examiner received as evidence
        • 8.01-390. Nonjudicial records as evidence
        • 8.01-391. Copies of originals as evidence
      • Article 2.1 Check Clearing for the 21st Century Evidence Act
        • 8.01-391.1. Substitute checks as evidence
      • Article 3 Establishing Lost Records, Etc.
        • 8.01-392. When court order book or equivalent is lost or illegible, what matters may be reentered
        • 8.01-393. When book or paper or equivalent in clerk's office lost, destroyed, or illegible to be again recorded
        • 8.01-394. How contents of any such lost record, etc., proved
        • 8.01-395. Validating certain proceedings under Section 8.01-394
      • Article 4 Witnesses Generally
        • 8.01-396.1. Competency of witness
        • 8.01-396. No person incompetent to testify by reason of interest, or because a party
        • 8.01-397.1. Evidence of habit or routine practice; defined
        • 8.01-397. Corroboration required and evidence receivable when one party incapable of testifying
        • 8.01-398. Privileged marital communications
        • 8.01-399. Communications between physicians and patients
        • 8.01-400.1. Privileged communications by interpreters for the deaf
        • 8.01-400.2. Communications between certain mental health professionals and clients
        • 8.01-400. Communications between ministers of religion and persons they counsel or advise
        • 8.01-401.1. Opinion testimony by experts; hearsay exception
        • 8.01-401.2. Chiropractor as expert witness
        • 8.01-401.2:1. Podiatrist as an expert witness
        • 8.01-401.3. Opinion testimony and conclusions as to facts critical to civil case resolution
        • 8.01-401. How adverse party may be examined; effect of refusal to testify
        • 8.01-402. Members of Department of Motor Vehicles' Crash Investigation Team not to be required to give evidence in certain cases
        • 8.01-403. Witness proving adverse; contradiction; prior inconsistent statement
        • 8.01-404. Contradiction by prior inconsistent writing
        • 8.01-405. Who may administer oath to witness
        • 8.01-406. Interpreters; recording testimony of deaf witness
      • Article 5 Compelling Attendance of Witnesses, Etc.
        • 8.01-407.1. Identity of persons communicating anonymously over the Internet
        • 8.01-407. How summons for witness issued, and to whom directed; prior permission of court to summon certain officials and judges; attendance before commissioner of other state; attorney-issued summons
        • 8.01-408. Recognizance taken upon continuance of case
        • 8.01-409. When court may have process for witness executed by its own officer in another county or city
        • 8.01-410. Inmates as witnesses in civil actions
      • Article 6.1 Uniform Audio-Video Deposition Act
        • 8.01-412.3. Notice of audio-visual deposition
        • 8.01-412.4. Procedure
        • 8.01-412.5. Costs
        • 8.01-412.6. Promulgation of rules for standards and guidelines
        • 8.01-412.7. Short title
      • Article 6.2 Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act
        • 8.01-412.8. Short title
        • 8.01-412.9. Definitions
        • 8.01-412.10. Issuance of subpoena
        • 8.01-412.11. Service of subpoena
        • 8.01-412.12. Deposition, production, and inspection
        • 8.01-412.13. Application to court
        • 8.01-412.14. Uniformity of application and construction; reciprocal privileges
        • 8.01-412.15. Application to pending actions
      • Article 7 Medical Evidence
        • 8.01-413.01. Authenticity and reasonableness of medical bills; presumption
        • 8.01-413.02. Admissibility of written reports or records of blood alcohol tests conducted in the regular course of providing emergency medical treatment
        • 8.01-413. Certain copies of health care provider's records or papers of patient admissible; right of patient, his attorney and authorized insurer to copies of such records or papers; subpoena; damages, costs and attorneys' fees
      • Article 7.1 Employment Evidence
        • 8.01-413.1. Certain copies of employment records or papers admissible; right of employee or his attorney to copies of such records or papers; subpoena; damages, costs and attorney's fees
      • Article 9 Miscellaneous Provisions
        • 8.01-417.1. Use of portions of documents in evidence
        • 8.01-417. Copies of written statements or transcriptions of verbal statements by injured person to be delivered to him; copies of subpoenaed documents to be provided to other party; disclosure of insurance policy limits
        • 8.01-418.1. Evidence of subsequent measures taken not admissible to prove negligence
        • 8.01-418.2. Evidence of polygraph examination inadmissible in any proceeding
        • 8.01-418. When plea of guilty or nolo contendere or forfeiture in criminal prosecution or traffic case admissible in civil action; proof of such plea
        • 8.01-419.1. Motor vehicle value
        • 8.01-419. Table of life expectancy
        • 8.01-420.01. Limiting further disclosure of discoverable materials and information; protective order
        • 8.01-420.1. Abolition of common-law perpetuation of testimony
        • 8.01-420.2. Limitation on use of recorded conversations as evidence
        • 8.01-420.3. Court reporters to provide transcripts; when recording may be stopped; use of transcript as evidence
        • 8.01-420.4. Taking of depositions
        • 8.01-420.5. Estoppel effect of judicial determination of employment status
        • 8.01-420.6. Number of witnesses whose depositions may be taken
        • 8.01-420.7. Attorney-client privilege and work product protection; limitations on waiver
        • 8.01-420. Depositions as basis for motion for summary judgment or to strike evidence
    • Chapter 15 Payment and Setoff
      • 8.01-421 Payment may be pleaded; payment into court of part of claim; procedure upon such payment
      • 8.01-422 Pleading equitable defenses
      • 8.01-423 When plaintiff claims as assignee or transferee
    • Chapter 16 Compromises
      • 8.01-424 Approval of compromises on behalf of persons under a disability in suits or actions to which they are parties
      • 8.01-424.1 Settlement of third-party action; deemed consent by employer
      • 8.01-425 How fiduciaries may compromise liabilities due to or from them
      • 8.01-425.1 Release of liability; right of rescission
    • Chapter 17 Judgments and Decrees Generally
      • Article 1 In General
        • 8.01-426 Judgment includes decree
        • 8.01-427 Persons entitled under decree deemed judgment creditors; execution on decree
        • 8.01-428 Setting aside default judgments; clerical mistakes; independent actions to relieve party from judgment or proceedings; grounds and time limitations
        • 8.01-429 Action of appellate court when there might be redress under 8.01-428
        • 8.01-430 When final judgment to be entered after verdict set aside
      • Article 2 Judgments by Confession
        • 8.01-431 Judgment or decree by confession in pending suit
        • 8.01-432 Confession of judgment irrespective of suit pending
        • 8.01-433 Setting aside judgments confessed under 8.01-432
        • 8.01-433.1 Notice of confession of judgment provision
        • 8.01-434 Lien of such judgments
        • 8.01-435 Who may confess judgment
        • 8.01-436 Form of confession of judgment
        • 8.01-437 Endorsement of clerk thereon
        • 8.01-438 When judgment confessed by attorney-in-fact copy to be served on judgment debtor
        • 8.01-439 Filing of records by clerk
        • 8.01-440 Docketing and execution
        • 8.01-441 When judgment confessed by virtue of power of attorney invalid
      • Article 3 When There Are Several Defendants
        • 8.01-442 In joint actions on contract plaintiff, though barred as to some, may have judgment against others
        • 8.01-443 Joint wrongdoers; effect of judgment against one
        • 8.01-444 Where new parties added; if some not liable, how judgment entered
      • Article 4 Distinction Between Term and Vacation Abolished
        • 8.01-445 Distinction between term and vacation abolished; effect of time
      • Article 5 Keeping of Docket Books; Execution Thereon; Disposal of Exhibits
        • 8.01-446 Clerks to keep judgment dockets; what judgments to be docketed therein
        • 8.01-446.1 Keeping of docket books by clerk of court using micrographic process; form
        • 8.01-447 Docketing of judgments and decrees of United States courts
        • 8.01-448 Attorney General, etc., to have judgments in favor of Commonwealth docketed
        • 8.01-449 How judgments are docketed
        • 8.01-450 How indexed
        • 8.01-451 Judgments to be docketed and indexed in new names of judgment debtors; how execution may thereafter issue
        • 8.01-452 Entry of assignment of judgment on judgment lien docket
        • 8.01-452.1 Disposal of exhibits in civil cases
      • Article 6 Satisfaction
        • 8.01-453 When and how payment or discharge entered on judgment docket
        • 8.01-454 Judgment, when paid, to be so noted by creditor
        • 8.01-455 Court, on motion of defendant, etc., may have payment of judgment entered
        • 8.01-456 Satisfaction of judgment when judgment creditor cannot be located
        • 8.01-457 Marking satisfied judgments for Commonwealth; payment by third parties releasing recognizances
      • Article 7 Lien and Enforcement Thereof
        • 8.01-458 From what time judgment to be a lien on real estate; docketing revived judgment
        • 8.01-459 Priority of judgments
        • 8.01-460 Decree for support and maintenance of spouse or infant children of parties as lien on real estate
        • 8.01-461 Abstracts of judgments
        • 8.01-462 Jurisdiction of equity to enforce lien of judgment; when it may decree sale
        • 8.01-463 Enforcement of lien when judgment does not exceed twenty dollars
        • 8.01-464 Order of liability between alienees of different parts of estate
        • 8.01-465 Chapter embraces recognizances and bonds having force of judgment
    • Chapter 17.1 Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act
      • 8.01-465.1 Application of chapter
      • 8.01-465.2 Filing and status of foreign judgments
      • 8.01-465.3 Notice of filing
      • 8.01-465.4 Stay of enforcement
      • 8.01-465.5 Optional procedure
    • Chapter 17.2 Uniform Foreign Country Money-Judgments Recognition Act
      • 8.01-465.6 Title
      • 8.01-465.7 Definitions
      • 8.01-465.8 Application
      • 8.01-465.9 Enforceability of a foreign country money judgment
      • 8.01-465.10 Judgment not conclusive; not to be recognized
      • 8.01-465.11 Lack of personal jurisdiction
      • 8.01-465.12 Stay of the proceedings
      • 8.01-465.13 Situations not covered by this chapter
    • Chapter 17.3 Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act
      • 8.01-465.14 Definitions
      • 8.01-465.15 Scope
      • 8.01-465.16 Variation by agreement
      • 8.01-465.17 Determining money of the claim
      • 8.01-465.18 Determining amount of the money of certain contract claims
      • 8.01-465.19 Asserting and defending foreign-money claim
      • 8.01-465.20 Judgments and awards on foreign-money claims; times of money conversion; form of judgment
      • 8.01-465.21 Conversions of foreign money in distribution proceeding
      • 8.01-465.22 Prejudgment and judgment interest
      • 8.01-465.23 Enforcement of foreign judgments
      • 8.01-465.24 Determining United States dollar value of foreign-money claims for limited purposes
      • 8.01-465.25 Effect of substitution of currency by issuing authority
    • Chapter 18 Executions and Other Means of Recovery
      • Article 1 Issue and Form; Motion to Quash
        • 8.01-466 Clerk to issue fieri facias on judgment for money
        • 8.01-467 What writs may not issue
        • 8.01-468 Executions against corporations
        • 8.01-469 Executions on joint judgments
        • 8.01-470 Writs on judgments for specific property
        • 8.01-471 Time period for issuing writs of possession in unlawful entry and detainer; when returnable
        • 8.01-472 Writs on judgments for personal property
        • 8.01-473 Judgment for benefit of other person than plaintiff; remedies of such person
        • 8.01-474 What writ of fieri facias to command
        • 8.01-475 Subsequent executions
        • 8.01-476 New execution after loss of property sold under indemnifying bond
        • 8.01-477 When executions may be quashed; how proceedings thereon stayed
        • 8.01-477.1 Claims of exemption from execution
      • Article 2 Lien in General
        • 8.01-478 On what property writ of fieri facias levied; when lien commences
        • 8.01-479 Time for enforcement
        • 8.01-480 Prior security interest on property levied on
        • 8.01-481 Territorial extent of lien
        • 8.01-482 If levy be on coin or currency, how accounted for
      • Article 3 Return and Venditioni Exponas
        • 8.01-483 Return of officer on fieri facias; statement filed therewith
        • 8.01-484 When writ may be destroyed
        • 8.01-485 When venditioni exponas may issue; proceedings thereon
        • 8.01-486 Procedure when officer taking property under execution dies before sale
      • Article 4 Enforcement Generally
        • 8.01-487 Officer to endorse on fieri facias time of receiving it
        • 8.01-487.1 Officer to leave copy of writ where levy made
        • 8.01-488 When several writs of fieri facias, how satisfied
        • 8.01-489 Growing crops, not severed, not liable to distress or levy
        • 8.01-490 No unreasonable distress or levy; sustenance provided for livestock; removal of property
        • 8.01-491 Officer may break open dwelling house and levy on property in personal possession of debtor
        • 8.01-492 Sale of property
        • 8.01-493 Adjournment of sale
        • 8.01-494 Resale of property if purchaser fails to comply; remedy against such purchaser
        • 8.01-495 When money received by officer under execution to be repaid to debtor
        • 8.01-496 Officer not required to go out of his jurisdiction to pay over money
        • 8.01-497 Suit by officer to recover estate on which fieri facias is lien
        • 8.01-498 Selling officers and employees not to bid or to purchase
        • 8.01-499 Officer receiving money to make return thereof and pay net proceeds; commission, etc
        • 8.01-500 Officer receiving money to notify person entitled to receive it
      • Article 5 Lien on Property Not Capable of Being Levied on
        • 8.01-501 Lien of fieri facias on estate of debtor not capable of being levied on
        • 8.01-502 Person paying debtor not affected by lien unless notice given
        • 8.01-502.1 Serving notice of lien on financial institution
        • 8.01-503 Withholding of wages or salary not required by preceding sections unless garnishment process served
        • 8.01-504 Penalty for service of notice of lien when no judgment exists
        • 8.01-505 When lien acquired on intangibles under 8.01-501 ceases
      • Article 6 Interrogatories
        • 8.01-506 Proceedings by interrogatories to ascertain estate of debtor; summons; proviso; objections by judgment debtor
        • 8.01-506.1 Production of book accounts or other writing compelled
        • 8.01-506.2 Proceedings in court of county or city where execution debtor resides
        • 8.01-507 Conveyance or delivery of property disclosed by interrogatories
        • 8.01-507.1 Interrogatories, answers, etc., to be returned to court
        • 8.01-508 How debtor may be arrested and held to answer
        • 8.01-509 Order for sale and application of debtor's estate
        • 8.01-510 Sale, collection and disposition of debtor's estate by officer
      • Article 7 Garnishment
        • 8.01-511 Institution of garnishment proceedings
        • 8.01-511.1 Garnishee inability to determine whether it holds property of judgment debtor
        • 8.01-512.2 Fee for garnishee-employers
        • 8.01-512.3 Form of garnishment summons
        • 8.01-512.4 Notice of exemptions from garnishment and lien
        • 8.01-512.5 Hearing on claim of exemption from garnishment
        • 8.01-513 Service upon corporation or limited liability company
        • 8.01-514 When garnishment summons returnable
        • 8.01-515 How garnishee examined; determining exemption from employee's withholding certificate; amount due pursuant to exemptions in 34-29(a)
        • 8.01-516.1 Garnishment dispositions
        • 8.01-517 Exemption of portion of wages; payment of excess into court
        • 8.01-518 When garnishee is personal representative of decedent
        • 8.01-519 Proceedings where garnishee fails to appear or answer, or to disclose his liability
        • 8.01-520 Payment, etc., by garnishee before return of summons
        • 8.01-521 Judgments as to costs
        • 8.01-522 Wages and salaries of State employees
        • 8.01-523 Service upon federal government
        • 8.01-524 Wages and salaries of city, town and county officials, clerks and employees
        • 8.01-525 Who are officers and employees of cities, towns and counties
    • Chapter 19 Forthcoming Bonds
      • 8.01-526 When forthcoming bond taken; property remains in debtor's possession
      • 8.01-527 If bond forfeited, where returned; its effect; clerk to endorse time of return
      • 8.01-528 Liability of obligors; how recovery on bond is had
      • 8.01-529 When bond returned, how endorsed and recorded by clerk; lien
      • 8.01-530 Remedy of creditor if bond quashed
      • 8.01-531 In what cases forthcoming bond not to be taken
      • 8.01-532 How bond withdrawn from clerk's office
    • Chapter 20 Attachments and Bail in Civil Cases
      • Article 1 Attachments Generally
        • 8.01-533 Who may sue out attachment
        • 8.01-534 Grounds of action for pretrial levy or seizure of attachment
        • 8.01-535 Jurisdiction of attachments; trial or hearing of issues
        • 8.01-536 Pleadings in attachment
        • 8.01-537 Petition for attachment; costs, fees and taxes
        • 8.01-537.1 Plaintiff to file bond
        • 8.01-538 Attachment of ships, boats and other vessels of more than twenty tons
        • 8.01-539 Who made defendants
        • 8.01-540 Issuance of attachment; against what attachment to issue
        • 8.01-541 To whom attachments directed; when and where returned
        • 8.01-542 Issue and execution of attachment on any day
        • 8.01-543 Issue of other attachments on original petition
        • 8.01-544 When attachment not served other attachments may issue; order of publication
        • 8.01-545 Amendments; formal defects
      • Article 2 Summons; Levy; Lien; Bonds, Etc
        • 8.01-546 What attachment to command; summons
        • 8.01-546.1 Exemption claims form
        • 8.01-546.2 Hearing on claim of exemption from levy or seizure
        • 8.01-547 Attachment against remainders
        • 8.01-548 Who may levy attachment and on what
        • 8.01-549 Restraining order or receiver
        • 8.01-550 How attachment levied
        • 8.01-551 When officer to take possession of property
        • 8.01-553 Bonds for retention of property or release of attachment; revising bonds mentioned in this and 8.01-551
        • 8.01-554 Where bond returned and filed; exceptions to bond
        • 8.01-555 When appeal bond given property to be delivered to owner
        • 8.01-556 Bonds may be given by any person
        • 8.01-557 Lien of attachment; priority of holder in due course
        • 8.01-558 Attachment lien on effects already in hands of officer
        • 8.01-559 Return by officer
      • Article 3 Subsequent Proceedings Generally
        • 8.01-560 How interest and profits of property applied in certain cases
        • 8.01-561 How property to be kept; how sold, when expensive to keep or perishable
        • 8.01-562 Examination on oath of codefendant; order and bond
        • 8.01-563 Principal defendant may claim exemption
        • 8.01-564 Procedure when codefendant fails to appear
        • 8.01-565 Suggestion that codefendant has not made full disclosure
        • 8.01-566 Who may make defense to attachment
        • 8.01-567 What defense may be made to attachments
        • 8.01-568 Quashing attachment or rendering judgment for defendant
        • 8.01-569 When petition dismissed; when retained and cause tried
        • 8.01-570 Judgment, etc., of court when claim of plaintiff established
        • 8.01-571 When defendant not served fails to appear plaintiff required to give bond
        • 8.01-572 Sale of real estate attached
        • 8.01-573 How and when claims of other persons to property tried
        • 8.01-574 Attachments in connection with pending suits or actions
        • 8.01-575 Rehearing permitted when judgment rendered on publication
        • 8.01-576 Order of court on rehearing or new trial; restitution to defendant
    • Chapter 20.1 Summary Jury Trial
      • 8.01-576.1 Election by parties; order of court
      • 8.01-576.2 Summary jury trial; selection of jury; fees
      • 8.01-576.3 Procedures; verdict not binding unless otherwise agreed
    • Chapter 20.2 Court-Referred Dispute Resolution Proceedings
      • 8.01-576.4 Scope and definitions
      • 8.01-576.5 Referral of disputes to dispute resolution proceedings
      • 8.01-576.6 Notice and opportunity to object
      • 8.01-576.7 Costs
      • 8.01-576.8 Qualifications of neutrals; referral
      • 8.01-576.9 Standards and duties of neutrals; confidentiality; liability
      • 8.01-576.10 Confidentiality of dispute resolution proceeding
      • 8.01-576.11 Effect of written settlement agreement
      • 8.01-576.12 Vacating orders and agreements
    • Chapter 21 Arbitration and Award
      • Article 1 General Provisions
        • 8.01-577 Submission of controversy; agreement to arbitrate; condition precedent to action
        • 8.01-581 Fiduciary may submit to arbitration
      • Article 2 Uniform Arbitration Act
        • 8.01-581.01 Validity of arbitration agreement
        • 8.01-581.010 Vacating an award
        • 8.01-581.011 Modification or correction of award
        • 8.01-581.012 Judgment or decree on award
        • 8.01-581.013 Applications to court
        • 8.01-581.014 Court; jurisdiction
        • 8.01-581.015 Venue
        • 8.01-581.016 Appeals
        • 8.01-581.02 Proceedings to compel or stay arbitration
        • 8.01-581.03 Appointment of arbitrators by court; powers of arbitrators
        • 8.01-581.04 Hearing
        • 8.01-581.05 Representation by attorney
        • 8.01-581.06 Witnesses, subpoenas, depositions
        • 8.01-581.07 Award; fees and expenses to be fixed
        • 8.01-581.08 Change of award by arbitrators
        • 8.01-581.09 Confirmation of an award
    • Chapter 21.1 Medical Malpractice
      • Article 1 Medical Malpractice Review Panels; Arbitration of Malpractice Claims
        • 8.01-581.1 Definitions
        • 8.01-581.2 Request for review by medical malpractice review panel; rescission of request; determination on request
        • 8.01-581.2:1 Additional parties
        • 8.01-581.3 Composition, selection, etc., of panel
        • 8.01-581.3:1 Completion of discovery; hearing date; notification to parties and panel members; oath of panel members
        • 8.01-581.4 Submission of evidence to panel; depositions and discovery; duties of chairman; access to material
        • 8.01-581.4:1 Assembly of record
        • 8.01-581.4:2 Removal of record for inspection and copying; notice
        • 8.01-581.5 When hearing to be held; notice to parties
        • 8.01-581.6 Conduct of proceedings
        • 8.01-581.7 Opinion of panel
        • 8.01-581.7:1 Limitation on panel opinion
        • 8.01-581.8 Admissibility of opinion as evidence; appearance of panel members as witnesses; immunity from civil liability
        • 8.01-581.10 Per diem and expenses of panel
        • 8.01-581.11 Rules and regulations
        • 8.01-581.11:1 Objections not waived by participation
        • 8.01-581.12 Arbitration of medical malpractice claims
        • 8.01-581.12:2 Article not applicable to actions arising prior to July 1, 1976
      • Article 2 Miscellaneous Provisions
        • 8.01-581.13 Civil immunity for certain health professionals and health profession students serving as members of certain entities
        • 8.01-581.15 Limitation on recovery in certain medical malpractice actions
        • 8.01-581.16 Civil immunity for members of or consultants to certain boards or committees
        • 8.01-581.17 Privileged communications of certain committees and entities
        • 8.01-581.18 Delivery of results of laboratory tests and other examinations not authorized by physician
        • 8.01-581.18:1 Immunity of physicians for laboratory results and examinations
        • 8.01-581.19 Civil immunity for physicians, psychologists, podiatrists, optometrists, veterinarians, nursing home administrators, and certified emergency services personnel while members of certain committees
        • 8.01-581.19:1 Civil immunity for persons providing information to certain committees
        • 8.01-581.20 Standard of care in proceeding before medical malpractice review panel; expert testimony; determination of standard in action for damages
        • 8.01-581.20:1 Admissibility of expressions of sympathy
    • Chapter 21.2 Mediation
      • 8.01-581.21 Definitions
      • 8.01-581.22 Confidentiality; exceptions
      • 8.01-581.23 Civil immunity
      • 8.01-581.24 Standards and duties of mediators; confidentiality; liability
      • 8.01-581.25 Effect of written settlement agreement
      • 8.01-581.26 Vacating orders and agreements
    • Chapter 22 Receivers, General and Special
      • Article 1 General Receivers
        • 8.01-582 Appointment of general receivers; their duties; audit of funds
        • 8.01-583 How securities taken and kept; power of receivers over same
        • 8.01-584 How dividends and interest collected and invested
        • 8.01-585 How accounts kept by receivers
        • 8.01-586 Inquiry as to unknown owners of funds
        • 8.01-587 Liability of general receivers
        • 8.01-588 Bonds generally
        • 8.01-588.1 Bonds apportioned to funds under control; annual reports
        • 8.01-589 Compensation and fees; when none allowed
        • 8.01-590 Penalty for failure of duty
      • Article 2 Special Receivers
        • 8.01-591 Notice required prior to appointment of receiver
        • 8.01-592 Notice not required in emergencies
        • 8.01-593 Subsequent proceedings after emergency appointment
        • 8.01-594 Notice not required to parties served with process
        • 8.01-595 Preparation of list of creditors; notice to them
        • 8.01-596 No sale prior to such notification; exceptions
        • 8.01-597 Suits against receivers in certain cases
        • 8.01-598 Effect of judgment against receiver
        • 8.01-599 Warrant or motion for judgment against receiver in general district court, when to be tried
      • Article 3 General Provisions for Moneys Under Control of Court
        • 8.01-600 How money under control of court deposited; record kept; liability of clerk
        • 8.01-601 Deposit with general receiver of certain funds under supervision of fiduciary and belonging to person under disability
        • 8.01-602 Proceedings when owner of money under control of court unknown
        • 8.01-604 How State Treasurer to keep account of such money
        • 8.01-605 How person entitled to money paid into state treasury may recover it
        • 8.01-606 Payment of small amounts to certain persons through court without intervention of fiduciary; authority of commissioners of accounts; certain fiduciaries exempt from accountings
    • Chapter 23 Commissioners in Chancery
      • 8.01-607 Appointment and removal
      • 8.01-608 How accounts referred
      • 8.01-609 Duties; procedure generally
      • 8.01-609.1 Commissioners in chancery
      • 8.01-610 Weight to be given commissioner's report
      • 8.01-611 Notice of time and place of taking account
      • 8.01-612 Commissioner may summons witnesses
      • 8.01-613 Commissioner may ask instructions of court
      • 8.01-614 His power to adjourn his proceedings
      • 8.01-615 When cause heard on report; time for filing exceptions
      • 8.01-616 Delivery of original papers of suit by clerk to commissioner
      • 8.01-617 Settlement of accounts of special receivers and special commissioners
      • 8.01-618 Reports of such settlements; when new bond required
      • 8.01-618.1 Fees of special receivers and commissioners for reports
      • 8.01-619 Recordation of reports of such settlements
    • Chapter 24 Injunctions
      • 8.01-620 General jurisdiction of circuit court to award injunctions
      • 8.01-622 Injunction to protect plaintiff in suit for specific property
      • 8.01-622.1 Injunction against assisted suicide; damages; professional sanctions
      • 8.01-623 Injunction against decree subject to bill of review; limitations to bill of review
      • 8.01-624 Duration of temporary injunctions to be fixed therein
      • 8.01-625 Dissolution of injunctions
      • 8.01-626 When court grants or refuses injunction, justice of Supreme Court or judge of Court of Appeals may review it
      • 8.01-627 To what clerk order for injunction directed
      • 8.01-628 Equity of prayer for temporary injunction to be shown by affidavit or otherwise
      • 8.01-629 Notice required
      • 8.01-630 Forthcoming bond in connection with injunction against removal of property
      • 8.01-631 Injunction bond
      • 8.01-631.1 Environmental injunction; financial capacity
      • 8.01-632 How surety in forthcoming bond may obtain additional security
      • 8.01-633 Damages on dissolution
      • 8.01-634 Dismissal of injunction bill
    • Chapter 25 Extraordinary Writs
      • Article 1 Writ of Quo Warranto
        • 8.01-635 Common-law writ of quo warranto and information in the nature of writ of quo warranto abolished; statutory writ of quo warranto established
        • 8.01-636 In what cases writ issued
        • 8.01-637 By whom filed; when leave granted and writ issued
        • 8.01-639 How summons directed and served
        • 8.01-640 Judgment when defendant fails to appear
        • 8.01-641 Reopening same when made on service by publication
        • 8.01-642 Pleading when defendant appears
        • 8.01-643 Trial; verdict; judgment; costs; attorney's fee
      • Article 2 Mandamus and Prohibition
        • 8.01-644 Application for mandamus or prohibition
        • 8.01-644.1 Limitations of actions for petition for mandamus
        • 8.01-645 What petition to state; where presented
        • 8.01-646 When writ awarded if no defense made
        • 8.01-647 Defense; how made
        • 8.01-648 What judgment to be rendered
        • 8.01-649 Proceedings when application is to Supreme Court or Court of Appeals
        • 8.01-650 Suspension of proceedings, where prohibition applied for
        • 8.01-651 Suspension of proceedings by justice of Supreme Court or judge of Court of Appeals
        • 8.01-652 Service of writ; how obedience enforced
        • 8.01-653 Mandamus to secure construction of act directing payment out of treasury of the Commonwealth
        • 8.01-653.1 Mandamus to secure construction of act granting power to incur certain obligations for transportation needs
      • Article 3 Habeas Corpus
        • 8.01-654 When and by whom writ granted; what petition to contain
        • 8.01-654.1 Limitation on consideration of petition filed by prisoner sentenced to death
        • 8.01-654.2 Presentation of claim of mental retardation by person sentenced to death before April 29, 2003
        • 8.01-655 Form and contents of petition filed by prisoner
        • 8.01-656 Bond may be required of petitioner
        • 8.01-657 How directed and returnable
        • 8.01-658 How writ served
        • 8.01-659 Penalty for disobeying it
        • 8.01-660 When affidavits may be read
        • 8.01-661 Facts proved may be made part of record
        • 8.01-662 Judgment of court or judge trying it; payment of costs and expenses when petition denied
        • 8.01-663 Judgment conclusive
        • 8.01-664 How and when Supreme Court summoned to try appeal therefrom
        • 8.01-665 When execution of judgment suspended; when prisoner admitted to bail
        • 8.01-666 When and by whom writs of habeas corpus ad testificandum granted
        • 8.01-667 Transmission of records to federal court
        • 8.01-668 Writ de homine abolished
    • Chapter 26 Appeals to the Supreme Court
      • Article 1 Definitions
        • 8.01-669 Definitions
      • Article 2 When Granted
        • 8.01-670 In what cases awarded
        • 8.01-670.1 Appeal of interlocutory orders and decrees by permission
        • 8.01-671 Time within which petition must be presented
        • 8.01-672 Jurisdictional amount
      • Article 3 The Record
        • 8.01-673 Inspection and return of records; certiorari when part of record is omitted; binding or retention of records
      • Article 4 The Petition
        • 8.01-674 With whom filed; endorsement thereon; reference to justice or justices; when deemed to be filed
        • 8.01-675.1 When dismissal final; when reinstated
        • 8.01-675.2 Rehearing
    • Chapter 26.1 Appeals to the Court of Appeals
      • 8.01-675.3 Time within which appeal must be taken; notice
      • 8.01-675.4 Inspection and return of records; certiorari when part of record is omitted; retention of records
    • Chapter 26.2 Appeals Generally
      • Article 1 Appeal Bond
        • 8.01-676.1 Security for appeal
      • Article 2 Errors Insufficient in the Appellate Court
        • 8.01-677 Errors corrected on motion instead of writ of error coram vobis
        • 8.01-677.1 Appeals filed in inappropriate appellate court
        • 8.01-678 For what a judgment not to be reversed
      • Article 3 Limitations; Hearing and Decision
        • 8.01-679 Failure of trial court clerk to deliver record to appellate court
        • 8.01-679.1 Arguments made on brief not waived by oral argument
        • 8.01-680 When judgment of trial court not to be set aside unless plainly wrong, etc
        • 8.01-681 Decision of appellate court
        • 8.01-682 What damages awarded appellee
        • 8.01-683 When Clerk of Supreme Court to transmit its decisions
        • 8.01-684 Copies of Court's opinions to be furnished to counsel
        • 8.01-685 Entry of decision in lower court; issue of execution thereon
      • Article 4 Miscellaneous Provisions
        • 8.01-688 Order books, etc., of former district courts in custody of Clerk of Supreme Court, etc
    • Chapter 27 Virginia Prisoner Litigation Reform Act
      • 8.01-689 Short title
      • 8.01-690 Applicability provisions
      • 8.01-691 Payment of filing fees and costs by prisoners; when in forma pauperis status granted
      • 8.01-692 When in forma pauperis status denied
      • 8.01-693 Venue of prisoner actions
      • 8.01-694 Service of process; time for response
      • 8.01-695 When argument held; when discovery permitted
      • 8.01-696 Summary judgment; pro se prisoner civil action
      • 8.01-697 Access to Department of Corrections records
• Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia
  • Part Four. Pretrial Procedures, Depositions, and Production at Trial
    • RULE 4:0. APPLICATION OF PART FOUR
    • RULE 4:1. GENERAL PROVISIONS GOVERNING DISCOVERY
    • RULE 4:2. DEPOSITIONS BEFORE ACTION OR PENDING APPEAL
    • RULE 4:3. PERSONS BEFORE WHOM DEPOSITIONS MAY BE TAKEN
    • RULE 4:4. STIPULATIONS REGARDING DISCOVERY
    • RULE 4:5. DEPOSITIONS UPON ORAL EXAMINATION
    • RULE 4:6. DEPOSITIONS UPON WRITTEN QUESTIONS
    • RULE 4:6A. LIMITATION ON DEPOSITIONS
    • RULE 4:7. USE OF DEPOSITIONS IN COURT PROCEEDINGS
    • RULE 4:7A. AUDIO-VISUAL DEPOSITIONS
    • RULE 4:8. INTERROGATORIES TO PARTIES
    • RULE 4:9. PRODUCTION BY PARTIES OF DOCUMENTS, ELECTRONICALLY STORED INFORMATION, AND THINGS; ENTRY ON LAND FOR INSPECTION AND OTHER PURPOSES; PRODUCTION AT TRIAL
    • RULE 4:9A. PRODUCTION FROM NON-PARTIES OF DOCUMENTS, ELECTRONICALLY STORED INFORMATION, AND THINGS AND ENTRY ON LAND FOR INSPECTION AND OTHER PURPOSES; PRODUCTION AT TRIAL
    • RULE 4:10. PHYSICAL AND MENTAL EXAMINATION OF PERSONS
    • RULE 4:11. REQUESTS FOR ADMISSION
    • RULE 4:12. FAILURE TO MAKE DISCOVERY; SANCTIONS
    • RULE 4:13. PRETRIAL PROCEDURE; FORMULATING ISSUES
    • RULE 4:14. DISPOSITION OF DISCOVERY MATERIAL
    • RULE 4:15. MOTIONS PRACTICE